The resistance of the Kabylie region against the Ottomans
Below is a list of all the confrontations that took place between the Ottomans, who represented the forces of the province of Algiers, and the Kabylie region for 250 years. The first thing that draws attention is that the inhabitants of the Kabylie region were victorious in all their confrontations against the Ottomans, as the region always remained an impenetrable barrier to them.
The Battle of Yusr 1519: witnessed the victory of the Emirate of Koko, led by Sidi Ahmed Olqadi, and its ally, the Hafsids, against the Ottomans, led by Khair ad-Din Baba Aruj.
Fall of the city of Algiers (1520): Witnessed the victory of the Emirate of Koko, led by Sidi Ahmed Olkadi and with the help of the Emirate of Ait Abbas, against the Ottomans, led by Khair ad-Din Baba Arouj, who retreated to Jijel.
The First Battle of the Citadel in Beni Abbas (1553): witnessed the victory of the Emirate of Ait Abbas, led by Sultan Abdel Aziz, against the Eyala of Algiers and the Ottomans, led by Agha Muhammad Ibn Salih Rais.
Siege of Beni Abbas Castle (1559): Witnessed the failure of the Emirate of Algiers, led by Hassan Pasha and the ally of the situation, the Emirate of Koko, led by Sultan Ibn al-Qadi, to overthrow the Emirate of Ait Abbas, led by Ahmed Amqran, with the help of the Spanish, despite the killing of Sultan Abdel Aziz.
The second siege of the Beni Abbas Citadel (1590): The failure of the Algiers province, led by Al-Khader Pasha, to overthrow the citadel led by Sultan Ahmed Amqran, despite a two-month siege, witnessed the retreat of Al-Khader Pasha, who lost much of his army, in exchange for Sultan Amqran paying the price for the costs of the campaign.
The siege of the city of Algiers in 1598: It was the result of a campaign launched by the Emirate of Ait Abbas, led by Sultan Ahmed Amqran, with the help of other Kabyle tribes in the Mitidja region against the province of Algeria. The Kabyles were able to capture the entrance to Bab Azoun, but they failed to control the city and retreated after 10 days of siege.
The Battle of Qajal (1638) witnessed a decisive victory for the alliance of the tribes of Ben Sakhri, led by Ben Sakhri (Sheikh of the Arabs), the Emirate of Ait Abbas, led by Sultan Baqi al-Maqrani, and the Hanansha tribe, against the Beyliks of the East, led by Murad Bey (Bey of Constantine), supported by forces from the city of Algiers, led by Qaid Yusuf.
The Battle of Zawaoua 1746-1747: witnessed a crushing victory for the Zawaoua tribes (Aït Batroun and Aït Mangalat) against the province of Algeria, led by Bey Muhammad bin Ali (Bey of Titari), who suffered great and heavy losses.
The Battle of Ait Irathan 1754: witnessed the victory of the tribes of Ait Irathan, led by Sheikh Al-Siddiq Aouarab and with the help of their neighbors Ait Batroun and Ait Mangalat, against the province of Algeria led by Bey Muhammad bin Ali (Bey of Titari), who wanted to force them to pay taxes.
The First Battle of Arm of the Mizan, 1767: witnessed the victory of the Iflesen tribes against the Eyala of Algiers, led by the Agha, sent by the new Bey, Muhammad bin Othman, who wanted to subject the Iflesen confederation to his rule by paying taxes.
The Second Battle of the Arm of the Mizan, 1768: witnessed a second victory for the Iflesen tribes against the Eyala of Algiers, led by Ahmed Bey Al-Qali (Bey of Constantine), and witnessed the killing of the Agha. This defeat led to the expansion of the area of resistance in the Kabylie region.
Source: websites