Scientists whom humanity should be proud of
These are the scientists whom all of humanity should be proud of for their inventions that facilitated human life, and the list goes on, but I believe that these are the most effective of their inventions.
In physics..!
250 BC: Law of buoyancy (Archimedes)
825 Al-Khwarazmi (Al-Khorazmi) from Khorezm, Uzbekistan
1002, (Al-Biruni) discovered the density of some minerals and the rotation of the Earth around itself from Birun, Uzbekistan
1514: Demolishing the idea of geocentrism (Copernicus)
1589: Heavy and light objects fall simultaneously (Galileo)
1600: Discovery of the Earth's magnetic field (William Gilbert)
1613: Inertia (Galileo)
1621: Law of refraction of light (Snell)
1660: Pascal's rule
1687: Laws of motion - Law of gravity (Isaac Newton)
1782: Law of Conservation of Matter (Lavoisier)
1785: Inverse square law for charges (Charles Coulomb)
1801: Wave theory of light (Young)
1803: Atomic theory of substances (Dalton)
1806: Energy of motion (Jung)
1814: Proof of the wave theory of light (Fresnel)
1820: Proof of the existence of magnetic force (ampere)
1824: Law of gases and heat engines (Carnot)
1827: Law of electrical resistance (ohms)
1838: Lines of electromagnetic force (Faraday)
1842: Law of Conservation of Energy (Mayer/Kelvin)
1850: Second law of conservation of energy (Maxwell)
1863: The law of entropy, disorder, or randomness (Clausius)
1864: Electromagnetic theory (Maxwell)
1867: Theory of motion of gases (Maxwell Einstein: Statistical Mechanics (Boltzmann/Gibbs)
1869: The first periodic table of chemical elements. Mendeleev arranged the elements according to their atomic mass.
1887: Generation of electromagnetic waves (Hertz)
1887 AD, Tesla developed an alternating current induction motor, a power system that began to be used in Europe and the United States for its advantages in transmitting high-voltage alternating current over long distances.
1893: Thermal radiation law (Finn)
1895: Discovery of X-rays or X-rays (Conrad Röntgen)
1896: Discovery of the radioactivity of elements (Henri Becquerel)
1897: Discovery of the electron (Joseph Thomson)
1900: The emergence of the idea of quantum in physics (Planck)
1905: Special Relativity - Photoelectric Effect - Brownian Motion (Albert Einstein)
1911: Discovery of atomic structure (Rutherford)
1913: Bohr model of the atom (Niels Bohr)
1916: General relativity (Albert Einstein)
1922: The theory of the expansion of the universe (Alexander Friedmann)
1923: Matter waves (de Broglie)
1923: Discovery of galaxies
1925: Understanding stellar structure and how stars work
1927: The idea of the universe’s Big Bang (Lemaître)
1928: The existence of antimatter (Paul Dirac)
1929: Proof of the expansion of the universe (Edwin Hubble)
1932: Proof of the existence of antimatter (Anderson/Chadwick)
1938: Discovery of superfluidity (a state of matter)
1938: Discovery of the primary foundations of nuclear fission
1948: The theory of quantum electrodynamics (a theory that applies the equations of quantum mechanics to the electromagnetic field or light)
1957: Superconductivity theory
1962: Discovery of the strong nuclear force that binds protons and neutrons together
1967: Discovery of the weak nuclear force responsible for radioactive decay and nuclear fission of subatomic particles.
1967: Pulsars or neutron stars (the final form of star evolution or the collapsed remains of exploded stars)
1974: Discovery of the charm quark
1975: Discovery of the Tau lepton
1977: Discovery of the bottom quark
1980: Quantum Hall effect
1981: Early cosmic inflation theory (a short period of time after the Big Bang during which the inflation of the universe intensified and inflated to a very large extent. Scientists have suggested its occurrence as one of the ways to explain the problem of the flatness of the universe)
1981: Partial Hall effect
1995: Discovery of the top quark
1998: Discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe
2000: Tau neutrino (one of the types of neutrinos, which are the basic and elementary particles that make up the universe and have no electrical charge)
2012: The Higgs boson or the God particle (a hypothetical heavy elementary particle that is believed to be responsible for the acquisition of mass by elementary particles such as electrons and protons)
2016: Observation of gravitational waves predicted by Einstein.
Names of some inventions and their inventors:
• Fountain pen: American Lewis Edison Waterman, 1884 AD.
• Pistol: American Samuel Colt 1835.
• Telephone: American Graham Bell
• Radio: Italian Guglielmo Marconi 1894.
• Television: John Luigi Baird of Scotland, 1926
• The plane: The Wright Brothers (Orville...Labour Wright), The Americans, 1903.
• The tank: Sir Ernest Sonneton of England, 1914.
• Dynamite: Swedish Alfred Nobel 1867.
• Stethoscope: French René Link 1818.
• Satellite: Soviet Peter Kapitza and others 1957.
• Fire extinguisher: Alexandre Rolland Soviet 1905.
• Carbon paper: Wade Gord English, 1906.
• Escalator: George Hubbells and James Reno, Americans, 1892.
• Motorcycle: Eugene and Michel Werner, French brothers, 1897.
• The coach: Walter Hancock, England, 1831.
• Parachute (balloon): Frenchman Jean-Pierre Planachar, 1785.
• Telegraph: American Samuel Morse 1835.
• Wireless: Italian Joe Guglielmo Marconi, 1896.
• Microscope: Dutchman Anthony van Leeuwenhoek 1683.
• Nuclear reactor: Enrico Fermi, Italy.
• Car engine: German Nicholas Otto
• Matchbox: England’s John Walker, 1827.
• Lightning rod: American Benjamin Franklin.
• Electric light bulb: American Thomas Edison, 1879.
• Space rocket: Soviet Sergei Korylev.
• Steam locomotive: England's Richard Trevitic, 1803.
• Calculating machine: French Blaise Pascal 1639.
• Steam engine: James Watt of Scotland, 1765.
• Steam turbine: English Sir Charles Parsons, 1884 • Sewing machine: American Elias Howe, 1832
In the field of chemistry:
The most famous chemists in the modern era. Many chemists appeared in the modern era who made great contributions to the science of chemistry, and among these scientists are::
Scientist Amedeo Avogadro:
(English: Amedeo Avogadro) Avogadro was born in 1776 in Italy and died in 1856. He was a chemist known for his research on gas volume, pressure, and temperature. He formulated the famous gas law; Known as Avogadro's Law, which states that "all gases have the same number of molecules if pressure and temperature are constant."
For the Jones Jacob scholar:
Berzelius (in English: Jons Jakob Berzelius) Jones was born in 1779 and died in 1848. The scientist Jones conducted pioneering experiments in electrochemistry and atomic and molecular theory, and established the law of constant proportions, which states that “the elements in inorganic substances are bound together in specific proportions by weight.” ". He is considered one of the founders of event chemistry.
Scientist Robert Boyle:
(English: Robert Boyle) Robert Boyle was born in 1627 in Ireland and died in 1691. He was the scientist who discovered that the volume of a gas decreases with increasing pressure and vice versa. A pioneer of modern chemistry in the 17th century, he was a prominent chemist of his time and a staunch proponent of the experimental method. Robert Boyle played a major role in founding the British Royal Society.
By John Dalton:
(English: John Dalton) John Dalton was born in 1766 in Britain, and died in 1844. Although he was a teacher, meteorologist, and expert in color blindness, the atomic theory he proposed in the early nineteenth century is the basis for our modern concept of the atom, and he also developed He developed methods for calculating atomic weights and structures and formulated the law of partial pressures, which states that “the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the set of partial pressures of the gases that make up the mixture.”
Scientist Dmitri Mendeleev:
(English: Dmitri Mendeleev) Dmitri Mendeleev was born in 1834 in Russia, and died in 1907. He was the Russian chemist who developed the classification of the periodic table of elements in 1865, where Mendeleev found that when all known chemical elements were arranged according to increasing atomic weight, The resulting table showed a periodic repeating pattern of properties within groups of elements. Mendeleev left three gaps for unknown elements and predicted their properties.
Scientist Humphry Davy:
(English: Humphry Davy) Humphry Davy was born in 1769 in Britain, and died in 1830. He was a chemist, inventor, and pioneer of electrochemistry. He discovered a large number of new elements, including magnesium, barium, calcium, strontium, iodine, sodium, potassium, chlorine, and boron. One of his most notable works was the invention of the Davy Lamp with the aim of keeping miners safe.
Scientist Marie Curie:
(English: Marie Curie) Marie Curie was born in 1867 in Poland and died in 1934. She was a Polish-born French physicist, known for her knowledge of radioactivity and twice winning the Nobel Prize. She received the Nobel Prize in Physics with Henri Becquerel and her husband Pierre Curie in 1903. She won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1911. Marie Curie is the only woman to win the award in two different fields.
Egyptian scientist Ahmed Hassan Zewail:
(February 26, 1946 - August 2, 2016) is an Egyptian-American chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1999 for his research in the field of femtochemistry. He invented a microscope that photographs laser beams in a femtosecond period, and thus molecules can be seen during chemical reactions. He is considered a pioneer He taught femtochemistry, and was called the “Father of Femtochemistry.” He is a professor of chemistry and a professor of physics at the California Institute of Technology. He died in 2016.
Source: (wikipedia).