Tariq ibn Ziyad's Berber origins in the light of Islamic and Spanish Arabic texts
What do the Islamic Arab texts say about the origins of the Muslim
? leader Tariq bin Ziyad
The practical methodology in historical research depends on always returning the primacy of the ancient texts during the search in the sources, as they represent the first source of information and there is often a personal addition from the writer who transmits when he transfers the scientific material from the first source, on this basis our research will depend on the first sources closest to The historical event for us to analyze in order to show the truth about the origins of the Islamic character, Tariq bin Ziyad, who was behind the spread of Islam in the Iberian Peninsula.
There is a difference in the sources about the origins of this historical figure, some of them said that he was an Arab from the Umayyad army, and some brought him back to Persia, but most opinions consider that he was from the North African Berbers who entered Islam during the era of the Umayyad invasions. It is not difficult to choose the correct one from these different opinions, as it is sufficient to take the consensus of these sources to use the phrase “ Mawla of Musa bin Naseer” when talking about Tariq in order to exclude his Arabic origins, and this is because the phrase “Al Mawla” means in the Arabic Islamic alphabets non-Arab Muslims Ajam. Whereas, the Persians, Berbers, and Romans who were converted or taken captive in wars entered the social class called the Mawwali, which comes in the rank of followers, slaves or servants after the Muslim Arabs.
It remains for us now to search whether Tariq bin Ziyad was from the Persians or the Berbers.
For this purpose, we went back to the oldest references that talked about Tariq bin Ziyad, where the book of the historian Abu Marwan Abdul Malik bin Habib Al-Murdasi Al-Salami (790 AD / 853) is considered an Andalusian religious scholar, owners of the sect, the oldest sources, and he said that Tariq led an army of Berbers consisting of 12,000 soldiers. To invade Andalusia, and described him as a tall man with blond hair, and he also mentioned that Musa bin Nasir, the Arab Umayyad leader, was present in Kairouan, Tunisia, and it was he who sent Tariq bin Ziyad to Tlemcen, Algeria, to watch over the Andalusians and their boats. He sent with him one thousand seven hundred Berber soldiers, and on the way to Tlemcen joined They had other Berber soldiers, until their number went down to 12 thousand Berbers, with them only 16 Arabs ( The History Book of Ibn Habib al-Murdasi al-Salami, p. 143 )
The leadership of this character for an army of 12 thousand Berbers in the period of the first era of the Berbers, as well as the characteristics of blond prevalent in the Berbers of North Africa since the time of the Pharaohs, as shown by the rock drawings in ancient Egypt, and its absence in the Persian element makes us exclude the hypothesis of the Persian origins of this character logical , especially since the oldest sources assure us that he is a Berber Amazigh.
Bin Abdul Hakam says:
The killing of Zuhair and his companions was as Yahya bin Bakir told us on the authority of Al-Layth, in the year seventy-six.
He said: A man from Madhhaj was in Amlas, in the wilderness of Anatolia, whose name was Attia bin Yarbu’.
He went out with his son, fleeing from the epidemic, and there was a group of Muslims in that wilderness, so he sought help from them and rode among the people around him, so seven hundred men gathered to him, and he marched with them to the Romans, so they fought them and defeated them, and they held fast to their ships, and the rest of them fled.
This reached Abd al-Aziz bin Marwan, so he sent to her a boy called Taleed, and he directed with him some of the noblest people of Egypt, so he controlled them.
Yahya bin Bakir told us, on the authority of Al-Layth bin Saad, who said: He was ordered to be commanded when Zuhair Tariq was killed, so he burdened the people with an imam that he would lead them with, because he was a slave.
Tariq bin Ziyad Amazigh in the book of Ibn Abdul Hakam
We find in the book Nuzha Al-Mushtaq fi Penetrating the Horizons by Idris 1100 AD that Tariq Ibn Ziyad is a Berber from the great tribe Zenata.
We point out here that Ibn Hazm al-Andalusi, according to the ancient historical references, is one of the bellies of the Eurasian Algerian tribe and Rafjumah, one of the branches of Nafzawa al-Lawtih.
The historian Ibn Shabat al-Tawzari 1221 AD in his book Baslat al-Samt, who stated that he was from the Eurasian Nafza tribe in Algeria.
Al-Dhahabi, may God have mercy on him, said in History of Islam (6/256):
Most of the soldiers of Musa bin Nasir were the Berbers, and they were a people described as gallantry and courage, and among them were honesty and loyalty, and they had high aspirations for good and evil. Among them was the king of the country, Abu Abdullah al-Shi’i, Banu Ubayd, Tashfin, his son Yusuf, Ibn Tumart, and Abd al-Mu’min.
From the historical point of view of the beginning of the conquest of Andalusia by the Berbers, the slaves of Kairouan, al-Tabari, Ibn al-Athir and Ibn Adhari confirmed that the first to enter Andalusia was the Berber spy Abu Zara’a Tarif ibn Malik al-Barghawati, the father of Saleh ibn Tarif, the founder of the bourgeois state revolting against the Umayyads. Tarif bin Malik was a Muslim or a Jew, and after Tarif bin Malik set the plan for the invasion with his Berber leader Tariq Ibn Ziyad, descended from the Nafza or Nafzawa tribe, Andalusia was invaded in 711 AD (92 AH) led by Tariq Ibn Ziyad al-Nafzi and 12,000 Berber warriors without Neither the Umayyad caliph, Musa Ibn Nasir, nor the Umayyad Caliph Al-Walid Ibn Abd al-Malik knew, which angered Musa Ibn al-Nusayr against Tariq Ibn Ziyad.
Tariq bin Ziyad has disappeared since that incident, and his grave is not known to this day
As for the reason for the invasion of Andalusia, the Prince of the Green Island, Julian the Franks, tried to take revenge on the King of Iberia, Rothric Alvandali, who raped Princess Floranda, daughter of Julian, who later incited Tariq Ibn Ziyad to invade Andalusia and mocked him with all his naval vessels to transport the Berber spy Tarif bin Malik (with 500 men) then transported 12,000 Berber warriors to conquer Andalusia. (All these details you find documented in the book The History of Ifriqiya and the Maghreb by the slaves of Kairouan and the book on the History of Nations and Kings by Abu Ja`far al-Tabari)
The historical references confirmed that the reason for the dispute that occurred between Tariq Ibn Ziyad and Musa Ibn Nusayr after Tariq entered Andalusia is due to the fact that the latter did not inform Musa of the process of conquest of Andalusia until after he conquered it and collected the spoils. with him. (See the book Al-Raqi’ al-Qayrawani from the 10th Century AD, The History of Africa and the Maghreb, Dar al-Gharb al-Islami, Beirut, 1990, p.: 44 )
Musa was informed that Tariq bin Ziyad had conquered Andalusia and entered it.
In the same context, Ibn Kathir states that Musa “writes to Tariq threatening him because he entered without his order, and orders him not to go beyond his place until he catches up with him.”
And he mentioned the lineage of Tariq bin Ziyad to the Berbers of the Nafza tribe, the historian Yahya bin Khaldun, the brother of the great historian Abd al-Rahman bin Khaldun, in his book from the 14th century AD in a book.
In view of the pioneers in the treachery of the kings of Bani Abd al-Wad
? Where did the Berber army that was with Tariq Ibn Ziyad come from
There is an allegation that Tariq bin Ziyad and his Amazigh army are from Tangiers from the Far Maghreb, and their evidence is this saying that Tariq used to live in Tangier and from there he went to Gaza and Andalusia, but was the German leader Adolf Hitler of Belgian origin because when he wanted to invade France, he first entered Belgium
? and settled there Preparing to invade France
Most of the old references confirmed that Tariq bin Ziyad was the emir of the army that invaded Andalusia, in which the number of Berbers was 12,000 soldiers. Al-Auras and that it is the army that was with the Berber queen the priestess after her death in a battle against the Umayyad leader Hassan bin al-Nu’man al-Ghassani and her sons joined the Umayyad Arab army and their Islam. The Romans are also fighting the Berbers who have not yet embraced Islam until they settled in the city of Tangiers, east of the Far Maghreb, at the time of Musa bin Nasir, when Tariq bin Ziyad Al-Nafzi ordered them, and then they invaded Andalusia.
Likewise, the historian Ibn Adhari al-Marrakchi confirms that the army that conquered Andalusia with Tariq bin Ziyad are from the Berbers of the Algerian Aures region who were with Queen Dehya (the priestess) at the time of the Arab Prince Hassan bin Noaman. Ibn Adhari says that this Berber army is from the Middle Maghreb, meaning from Algeria now .
The Kairouanese historian, who is from the 10th century AD, mentioned to us that the time of the appearance of the priestess, i.e. around the year 712 AD, there was a Nafza tribe in the regions of Aures, while we do not find any mention of the Nafza tribe in the Far Maghreb in the ancient historical references at the time of the priestess
See the book History of Africa for Cyrene.
The Nafza Berber tribe, to which Tariq bin Ziyad is attributed, is present in the Aures region in eastern Algeria, and it was located in the south of Constantine, most likely in the city of Ain El-Burj, near the city of Sigous, currently belonging to the state of Umm El Bouaghi in Algeria. In the name of Teges, it is now in the name of Ain Al-Burj, and its place is specified in his book, Routes and Kingdoms.
It is worth noting that the Nafzawa tribe, to which Tariq bin Ziyad belongs, has spread its bellies and branches in several countries currently in Tripoli, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco.
It came in the book “Mu’jam Al-Buldan” by the historian Yaqut Al-Hamawi from the 13th century A.D. – Part 5 – Bab al-Nun wa al-Fa
Two cities were mentioned in the name of Nafza, the first in the eastern part of Algeria, in the Jerid region, which is on the Tunisian-Algerian border, and Nafza was mentioned in the north of the Far Maghreb in the ancient Andalusia region.
Text excerpted from the dictionary of countries
Nafzawa: by breaking, then sukoon, and zai, and after the thousand waw is open: a city of African works, Al-Bakri said: It travels from Kairouan to Nafzawa for six days towards Morocco. It has six gates and has a mosque, a bathroom, and bus markets, which are many palm trees and fruits, and around it are many springs, and in its qiblah is an eternal city known as the city. Qastiliya and between them is a land in which there is no guide to the road except for wood, erected and erected. Areas of the Great Zab in Al-Jarid.
Nafza: with conquest, then sukoon, and Zai: a city in Morocco in Andalusia. Al-Salafi said: Nafza, with Kasr al-Nun, is a large tribe, including Banu Umayra and Banu Milhan residing in Shatiba. Abu Muhammad Abdullah bin Abi Zaid Abd al-Rahman al-Faqih al-Nafzi is one of the imams of the Malik school and has classifications. And Abu Al-Abbas Ahmed bin Ali bin Abdul Rahman Al-Nafzi Al-Andalusi
Is Tariq bin Ziyad from the Moroccan Nafza or from the Algerian
? Nafza
On social media, such as Facebook and YouTube, we notice an exchange between Moroccans and Algerians over the proportion of “Tariq Ibn Ziyad.” Each party claims to be from the country to which it belongs
. With sufficient clarity in terms of its identity and origins, and there is a difference among some in the tribe to which it belongs, whether it is the Nafza tribe located in Tripoli, or Nafzo in the province of Nador in the Far Maghreb, or the Nafzawa tribe in Aures Algeria
The scientific, historical and logical answer to the place of Tareq bin Ziyad’s Berber origin, and by reference to most and oldest sources, such as the book Nuzha Al-Mushtaq fi Penetrating the Horizons by Idris 1100 A.D. Al-Idrisi mentioned that Tariq bin Ziyad is the son and the son of Zenata Ibn Hazm, stating that bin and Namo are one of the bellies of the Werfjomah tribe. The Algerian Eurasian Nafza. See the previous facts. Also, Ibn Adhari al-Marrakchi. We find that it is mentioned that Tariq Ibn Ziyad is from the Warfjouma tribe from Nafza, and he separated in a proportion more than others. He mentioned “ Tariq bin Ziyad bin Abdullah bin Walgo bin Warfjoum bin Nabargasin bin Wamas bin Yatuf bin Nafzaw.”
It is found in the genealogy of Tariq Ibn Ziyad that Ibn Adhari mentioned, and it is the oldest detail in the historical references to the origin of Tariq Ibn Ziyad.
Where you find that he belongs to the Nafzawa tribe, and through our knowledge of the origin and branches of the Nafzawa Berber tribe in the Book of Lessons by Ibn Khaldun, we find that Warfjouma, to which Tariq bin Ziyad belongs, is native to the Aures Mountains in Algeria, and not to Nafza, that tribe in the Far Maghreb, especially since the historical references did not Remember which tribe in the name of and Rafjouma in the Far Maghreb ( see Book of Lessons by Ibn Khaldun, Part 6, the news about Nafzawa, their stomachs and the details of their conditions ): They are the sons of Touvat ibn Nafzaw ibn Liwa al-Akbar ibn Zhaik, and their bellies are many, such as Ghassa, Mernisah, Zuhayla, Soumatah, Zatima, Walhasa, Majarrah, and Warsif, and Mengharat. .
It is said that Mukallata from the Arabs of Yemen fell into a small tawaf and adopted him, not from the Berbers.
Maklathah has multiple bellies, such as Bani, Ryagel, Kazanah, Bani Islatan, Bani Diman, Ramhouq, and Bani Yazansen.
And from the stomachs of Rafjoum Zakula, men of Dhakak bin Warfjoum to many other stomachs.
And Rivjumah of these Osm bellies Nfzawa and the most powerful and powerful. When Abd al-Rahman ibn Habib deviated from the obedience of Abu Jaafar al-Mansur and his two brothers Abd al-Warith and Elias killed him, and his son Habib demanded revenge for them, Abd al-Warith joined Burfajumah, and came to their prince, Asim ibn Jamil in Uras.
In addition to what was previously mentioned by the Tlemcen historian al-Maqri from the 17th century CE in the book Nafh al-Tayyib, page 328, he says that Nafza is from Tripoli. It is from the region of Africa, which includes at that time the geographical area from Tripoli to Tunisia to the east of Algeria today.
Another evidence from the oldest historical references shows that Tariq ibn Ziyad was not from the Far Maghreb, but was in eastern Algeria and then went to the north of the Far Maghreb.
In the book Fattouh Egypt and Morocco by the historian Ibn Abd al-Hakam, who died around 871 AD, it came that Tariq ibn Ziyad was not in Tangiers, Morocco, but was sent by Musa ibn Nasir as governor of that region after the former ruler was dismissed, called Tariq ibn Amr, and this is not the same as Tariq ibn Ziyad even He does not confuse them, as the historian Ibn Abd al-Hakam explained, who said that Tariq went to those areas with his wife, Umm Hakim, and that Tariq settled in Tlemcen, Algeria, and from there he contacted the Spanish Prince Julian, who helped him in occupying Andalusia. The origin of the Central Maghreb region, or what is currently known as Algeria, not the Far Maghreb
See the book Fattouh Egypt and Morocco
There is other conclusive evidence showing that Tariq Ibn Ziyad is of Berber origin from the regions of Africa, Tunisia and eastern Algeria, and not from the Far Maghreb. By searching in the ancient references, we find that Tariq Ibn Ziyad, the Berber, lived, married, and left children in Andalusia among the Berber tribes, not with the Arabs. It proves that Tariq settled in the Arab Mashreq and the documented evidence of this is a book
The genealogy of Obaid Allah Saleh bin Abdul Halim Al-Ilani, from whom the historian Ibn Adhari Al-Marrakshi quoted Tariq Ibn Ziyad to the tribe of Warfjouma Al-Nafzih
Abdul Halim Al-Ilani. He confirms that Tariq Ibn Ziyad settled in Andalusia with his Berber people and they left children
Quoted from the book of genealogy by Al-Ilani.
When Tariq Ibn Ziyad entered the island of Andalusia and lived there with his brothers from the Berbers, they lived there and got married, so the scholars of the followers entered upon them and they said to
? them: Who are you
They said, “We are a Berber people, we came with the idea of jihad, and we are of different races.” They said to them, “You have wronged your children who were born here
. Where he says that Tariq lived with his Berber brothers in the land of Andalusia, and this is evidence that Tariq is a Berber, and if it were otherwise, he would have lived with the Arabs arriving
Also in the previous text of Al-Ilani, it was mentioned that the affiliated Arabs, when they asked the people with whom Tariq Ibn Ziyad lived, who are you, told him that they were Berbers (Amazighs).
Also, the Berbers who inhabited Andalusia, and Tariq Ibn Ziyad was with them.
An important note related to the issue of Is Tariq Ibn Ziyad originally
? from Algeria or from the Far Maghreb
We find in Al-Ilani’s book an important paragraph detailing this subject. It came in the text that when the grandchildren and people of Tariq Ibn Ziyad, who inhabited Andalusia, wanted to register their lineage so that it would not be lost, did they go to the Far Maghreb or to the Central Morocco and Africa, which was known as the state of Tunisia and eastern Algeria in the days of Umayyad occupation
In the previous text of Al-Ilani, it is mentioned that the Berbers with whom Tariq Ibn Ziyad lived, and to know their Berber origins, sent men from their notables to the region of Africa, meaning to the regions of Tunisia and eastern Algeria, according to the description and the old meaning of the word Africa, and this is to write a book or a manuscript for their lineage, and they did not go to the regions of Morocco Al-Aqsa and these historical data put a definitive end to the confusion about the origin of Tariq bin Ziyad Al-Warfjoumi Al-Nafzi
See the book Three Arabic Texts on Berbers in the Islamic West: Book of Genealogy by Ibn Abd al-Halim al-Ilani at the following link
https://books.google.fr/books?id=oGY5b2D-RCkC&printsec%D{2&f=false
This origin of Tariq bin Ziyad is from the region of Africa (Tunisia and eastern Algeria to the end of the Euras), which Abdul Halim Al-Ilani referred to.
Al-Muqri Al-Telmisani said that Musa bin Nasir left the Levant for Egypt with a small group of people to Egypt, from which he brought soldiers with him. to Tangiers
These data clearly show that Tariq was not present in Tangiers or the Far Maghreb, but rather he came to it from Africa and invaded it, and this means that he was not a resident of the Far Maghreb.
? Is Tariq bin Ziyad of Arab origin
As for those who claim that Tariq bin Ziyad is an Arab from the Layth tribe, their words are historically rejected, and most of the authors of this argument are based on the words of Ibn Khaldun, who mentioned that Tariq bin Ziyad Al-Laythi and the historian Al-Muqari Al-Tilmisani transmitted the words of Ibn Khaldun in his book Nafh Al-Tayyib and indicated that the author of the speech is Ibn Khaldun and not the words of al-Maqri al-Tilmisani, then the source of Tariq Ibn Ziyad’s lineage to Laith is Ibn Khaldun, who did not say to him or to Muqri al-Tilmisani that Laith is the same Arab Adnanite tribe, and he did not associate Tariq’s name with an Arab word at all.
From here, the Arab nationalists, deliberately and ignorantly, claimed that Tariq was from the Arab Laith tribe, the Kananites, and this is false, as we will show you with references.
The advocates of pan-Arabism promote that Tariq bin Ziyad is an Arab from the Arab tribe of Layth, and they rely on the words of Ibn Khaldun in the Book of Lessons, Part IV, Paragraph Musa bin Naseer, who said the following:
And he took the hostages of Al-Masamada and brought them to Tangiers in the year eighty-eight, and Tariq bin Ziyad Al-Laithi took over it.
Link to read the lesson book here
No luck, dear reader, that Ibn Khaldun referred to the origin of Tariq Ibn Ziyad to a tribe called Laith.
But the Arab nationalists who are trying to Arabize the Berber characters and the green and the dry ones said that Tariq Ibn Ziyad is from the Arab Layth tribe without investigating the possibility of the existence of a Berber Zenit tribe, also called Laith, which differs from the Arab tribe Laith, whose lineage is due to: Laith bin Bakr bin Abd Manat bin Kinana bin Khuzayma bin Madrakah bin Elias bin Mudar bin Nizar bin Maad bin Adnan.
It is from the nature of Arab nationalist historians that they take advantage of the similarity of the names of the Berber tribes with the Arab ones, including the attribution of the Berber personalities and tribes to the Arabs, which is a malicious trick known to academic historians . The goal of today is the countries of the Orient, especially Jordan, and it has nothing to do with the Amazigh countries of the Maghreb or Andalusia, except for some of the personalities who belong to it. The references mentioned them, but the Arab Kanani tribe of Layth did not move to the Amazigh country.
The shocking matter for the advocates of the Arabism of Tariq bin Ziyad is that when searching for the origin of the Layth tribe in the Maghreb and Andalusia, we find that it is one of the bellies of the Berber Zanata tribe that inhabited the country of Andalusia, and it was referred to by the historian Ibn Hazm Al-Andalus, who is from the 10th century AD, who said that it is the Banu Laith tribe Berbers inhabiting Andalusia (See the book Ansab Al-Arab crowd)
As the author of the book Pride of the Berbers, which dates back to the 13th century AD, told us that the Laith tribe is from the bellies of Zenata, the Berber
to alert
The adjective al-Laithi, which is sometimes applied to Berber personalities, such as Ibn Khaldun's saying about Tariq Ibn Ziyad al-Laithi, despite the consensus of historians that Tariq is an Amazigh. And many historians attach the description of Al-Laithi to the Amazigh personalities, not because they are from the Arab Canaanite tribe of Layth, but because some of the Amazigh personalities converted to Islam at the hands of Al-Laithi, and these Berbers became attributed through their loyalty to Al-Laithy and not through lineage
For example, what was mentioned by Judge Ayyad, who is from the 12th century AD
Book: Arranging Perceptions and Approaching Paths
Yahya bin Yahya Al-Laithi
, the judge Abu Al-Walid, Ibn Al-Fardi said: Yahya bin Yahya bin Bakir bin Weslas bin Shamllal bin Sigaa. His nickname is Abu Muhammad. Al-Asili said: Yahya's father is called Abu Issa, and he is from Masmuda Tangiers and belongs to Banu Layth. Health does not know the reason for this. Al-Razi said in the book Al-Isti’ab: He is the one who is resilient from the harm of a tribe from it. Yahya bin Wasas, with his nephew Nasr bin Issa, entered the army of Tariq, and Aslam and Silas their grandfather, at the hands of Yazid bin Amer Al-Laithi, Laith Kinana. This - and God knows best - is the reason for their affiliation with Laith. Al-Razi said: Then Katheer bin Weslas, who is Yahya's grandfather, entered after them. And the guardian of his son Yahya Al-Jazeera, and Shadnoh. Yahya asked his son for knowledge. Abu Omar bin Abdul-Barr and Katheer said: He is called Abu Issa. He is the one who enters Andalusia, and they were known as Abu Issa, and knowledge is with God.
On the other hand, this is a shocking statement to the Arab nationalists who promote that Ibn Khaldun attributes Tariq Ibn Ziyad to the Arabs. Another was mentioned by the name Maimun bin Jamil, who is the nephew of Tariq Fateh Al-Andalus
Quoted from the words of Ibn Khaldun, Book of Lessons, Part VI, chapter of the first layer of Sanhaja, and what they had from the king
As for Anjafh, their bellies are parted, and they are more bellies Sanhaja. Sanhaja has the mandate of Ali bin Abi Talib, just as Mughrawa has the authority of Uthman bin Affan, may God be pleased with them both, except that we do not know the reason for this guardianship or its origin. Among their famous people in the Islamic state were Thabet bin Wazirion, who revolted in Ifriqiya during the days of butchers at the end of the Umayyads, and Abdullah bin Skardirlik, and Abbad bin Sadiq from the pimps of Hammad bin Belkin and Suleiman bin Mut’man bin Ghaylan during the days of Badis bin Belkin. And Bani Hamdoun and Bani Hammad, and he is Hamdoun bin Suleiman bin Muhammad bin Ali bin Alam, among whom is Maymun bin Jabal, the son of Tariq’s sister, Mawla Othman bin Affan, the owner of the conquest of Andalusia, among others whose mention is long.
This Khaldunian text shows us that there was an alliance and lineage between the Mughrawa tribe of Zenatia and its emir Maymun bin Jamil in the Algerian Aures and the Nafza tribe of Zenati, to which Tariq ibn Ziyad belonged. Since the time of Caliph Othman bin Affan, may God be pleased with him, he has been loyal to him and to the Umayyads after him, and this is since the Znati prince, Salat bin Wuzmar, allied with them after he embraced Islam at the hands of Othman bin Affan and made a contract for him against his Berber people, and he was the first to spread Islam among the Berbers with the help of the Louata tribe The Berbers, and it should be remembered, Nefzaw, to which Tariq belongs, is the same tribe of Louata, as shown by ancient historians, including Ibn Khaldun.
For this reason, Zannata always remained allied with the Umayyads and contributed with them in spreading Islam and the conquests.
And for the record, the father Maymoon bin Jamil Al-Maghrawi, who was a prince in Al-Auras during the time of his uncle Tariq bin Ziyad, as we explained earlier
His children later moved to live in Andalusia, and this is what Ibn Hazm Al-Andalus mentioned when he mentioned Berber houses in Andalusia.
These are Bani Jamil. The references that we have presented to you have proven that they were the first of them in the time of Tariq Ibn Ziyad, living in the Algerian Aures region, then they moved to Andalusia, and at the present time, after the fall of Andalusia, they migrated to the north of the Far Maghreb towards Tangiers, and they are still called Bani Jamil, and this indicates that even the tribes In the far north of Morocco, their origin is from Aures Algeria
Where he mentioned in the book of Abdul Halim Al-Ilani, the previous reference, that this Maimun bin Jamil Al-Maghrawi the Eurasian is the ancestor of the Bani Jamil tribe in the north of the Far Maghreb. Rather, it is established that Tariq and Nafza first appeared in eastern Algeria ( see the book Three Arabic Texts on the Berbers in the Islamic Maghreb, p. 206).
What is the original home of the Nefzaoua tribe, is it Al Aqsa Morocco
? or Algeria
Most of the historical references confirm that Nafzawa, to which Tariq Ibn Ziyad belongs, is a branch of a larger tribe called Nafzaw, which is the same as that of Ibn Khaldun and Ibn Adhari al-Marrakchi, Nafzawa ibn Yatwat ibn Nafzaw ibn Lewa al-Akbar ibn Zuhayk.
Nefzao = Younger Loa
Ibn Khaldun mentioned in the Book of Lessons that Luwata is the same as Nefzaw, and he called it Luwa al-Asghar ibn Luwa al-Akbar ibn Zuhaik, and that they were Bedouins who left their homeland between Cyrenaica and the Aures Mountains in Algeria, and this geographical area has nothing to do with the Far Maghreb. The son of the tribe of Nafzawa bin Yatoufat bin Lewa the Younger (Lawata)
Quoted from Ibn Khaldun’s book Al- Khabar on the death of the amputated barbarians and the expenses of their conditions
And it is a large, expansive belly of the amputated Berbers, who belong to Liwa the Younger, the son of Liwa the Greater, the son of Zhaik, and Liwa the Younger is Nafza, and as we have said, and they have the name of their father.Ibn Hazm stated that the Berber lineages claim that Sedrata, Luwata and Mazatah are Copts, and this is not true. Bani Ma’at connected other bellies besides Orouza, and they are Akhrara, Jarmanah, and Naqaa, like Bani Zaid bin Liwa, and most of their bellies are Mazat, and his Berber women are counted in Mazatah with many stomachs, such as Malayan, Merna, Mahiha, Dukmah, Hamra, and Muduna. And there was a great nation among them in Mount Uras. They supported Abu Yazid with Banu Kamlan on his command, and they remained in Uras for this covenant with the tribes of Hawara and Kutama and their high hand over them. Their cavalry reached a thousand, and their men exceeded their numbers, and the state suffices with them in a collection from under their hands on Mount Uras.And the state suffices with them in a collection from under their hands at Mount UrasAnd the state suffices with them in a collection from under their hands at Mount Uras
Was Tariq bin Ziyad a slave of Musa bin Nusair or a slave of the
?Umayyads
We previously mentioned to you at the beginning of this research that Tariq bin Ziyad was appointed governor of the city of Cyrenaica immediately after the death of Hassan bin Numan, and this was dozens of years before the appearance of Musa bin Nusair, which indicates that Tariq was not a slave, follower, or slave of Musa bin Nasir
, and some of Tariq’s followers were in Andalusia. They strongly deny his loyalty to Moses.
See the book by al-Maqri al-Tilmisani, Nafh al-Tayyib (1/254), quoting from al-Razi.
We also find in the Book of Portraits of the Kings clear evidence of the independence of Tariq ibn Ziyad from the Umayyads, but he was called in the old Spanish references, the Crown Prince of the Believers. See the book Compendio de crónicas de reyes del Antiguo Testamento
In these references we find pictures and talk about Tariq ibn Ziyad, who invaded the country of Andalusia, and this is in an old miniature, the picture is dated from the 14th century AD. Naseer and the Umayyads, while the document before us describes him as the Commander of the Faithful, the King of the Moors and the supreme commander of the Moorish army. We all know that the name Moore was given by the Latins to the so-called Muslims in Andalusia, generally Arabs or Berbers, and to the Berbers in North Africa, whether in Algeria or the Far Maghreb. Morcos or Mauritius in the Andalusian era, it means the Far Maghreb only
In Adolphe Roche's book about the meaning of the word "Moor" around the 14th century AD, it means all North African Muslims, including Algeria
Etymologie et definitions diverses du nom de Maure
Adolphe Bloch
Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris Année 1903
https://www.persee.fr/doc/bmsap_0037-8984_1903_num_4_1_7671
Researcher Adolf Bloch says that the word Moore means all the Muslims of North Africa and Andalusia. According to these documents, it is clear that Tariq ibn Ziyad was a Berber king, independent of his rule from the Umayyad Arabs, and this explains why he invaded the country of Andalusia without the knowledge of the Umayyad Caliph in the Levant or the Emir of Kairouan in Tunisia, Musa ibn Nusayr, as mentioned by the Arab references.
Image link here
The document lists the events of the Amazigh Moorish occupation of Spain, where he mentions King Rodrigo and Count Julian, ruler of Ceuta in the first paragraph, then moves to the mention of Tariq bin Ziyad and wrote on it
De Africa Tarich el fijo del miramomolin Rey de Marruecos fo muy grandes poderes de moros aribo en Tarifa
It can be translated into: “From Africa, Tariq, the son of the Commander of the Faithful, the king of the Mauryans, possessed great forces and influence over the Mauryans, reached Tarifa.”
The manuscript is also in the National Library of Spain, and can be viewed on the library's website, Tariq ibn
Ziyad and King Rodrigo on page 59.
The source is here
In the end, we say that Tariq, regardless of his race or gender, will not increase and will not decrease anything in the Arabs or in the Berbers, because the date of the entry of Muslims to Andalusia after the stage of Tariq changed and became a black history of Arab crime and conflicts, Arab and Berber Arab, which resulted in the fall of Andalusia and its return to its people the originals. The so-called Arab Islamic lands of Andalusia must be incorrect. They are Spanish Christian lands that were invaded by the Berber Muslims, then the Arabs, and expelled its original inhabitants, and those who followed him were captivated or killed, then spread the Arabs and Berbers instead of teaching Islam to the original population. The essence of the invasion was settlement instead of spreading Islam and in the end he recovered it Its people are Spanish.
Written by researcher Ahmed Harish
And Professor Mustafa samette
https://tafat.net/tariq-ibn-ziyad/amp/?fbclid=IwAR22YLD3c-u8FqClam6bakh5tUQ08K_ZG079XdsrJ6d00cos6Om-9WuUpbk