Amazigh Axel, the martyr of the homeland and a national hero who defended his homeland against foreign invaders
Arab-Islamic history books are full of insults and disgraceful slander towards the character of (Excel), which means in the Amazigh understanding (the tiger), because his name does not appear in the writings of Muslim Arabs, unless it is associated with disbelief and apostasy, or collaboration with the Byzantine Romans, while his opponent is described as Uqba ibn Nafeh as a companion, and the great conqueror. And the owner of the dignities, who does not have a supplication, and drew around the personality the features of a divine inspiration that the narrators increased with a lot of splendor and spice to make it a holy figure.
Going back to the sources of that time, it appears where the defect lies in recording facts and events. Coloring novels has reached its peak among the people, especially if we know that the doer is the same as the blogger, so the doers are the Arabs, and the bloggers are themselves, and the proverb is said among us (saliva is good and sham is good). There is no censor, and despite the scarcity of sources and their lack of attention to drawing the positions of the Amazighs, clarifying their desires, the secrets of their resentment and the intensity of their resistanceHowever, I will try to explore the matter and derive what the ancestors wanted to say, albeit with a reading that is predominantly self-oriented. That the Amazighs had no desire to write down their achievements and actions, and let the opponents decide their place as they wished and wanted!!
Who is Excel:
Ibn Abd al-Hakam in his conquests, al-Marrakshi in his statement, al-Nuwayri in his Irb, and Ibn al-Athir in his Asad mention that Excel bin Lamzam, from the Barnesian European tribe and he is its leader. Drawing strategic plans, and being patient with hardships and tribulations, which are the qualities that nominated him to assume a prestigious position among his family and society until he reached the position of emirate to succeed his predecessor (Strader bin Rumi).
Excel and Islam:
When the governor, Abu al-Muhajir Dinar, landed in Kairouan (Tekirwan), passing by Mila, where his mosque still stands, and after that he settled in Tlemcen (Uyun Abu al-Muhajir Dinar), where he found Excel king over all of Europe. Islam was offered to him, so he embraced Islam, and his Islam improved, and Islam had previously entered the place since the time of the Emir of Maghrawa Al-Zanati, Sulat n'ath Wezmer, and quarreled with the people of the place in the beginnings of friction with the arrivals during the campaign of Abdullah bin Abi Sarh, and in the behavior of my father The immigrant Dinar is a sublime wisdom rarely seen by the Amazighs. It has a note of faith that was rarely applied in the behavior of the previous and subsequent leaders of the invasion, and it has resulted in the entry of many Pyrenees tribes into the new religion. It is not surprising that the Islam of Excel is considered a great peaceful conquest, especially since the Amazigh tribes responded to the Muhammadan call in the sense that (the people follow the religion of their kings), and his conversion to Islam began since his friendship with the conqueror al-Muhajir Dinar in the year 55 AH until his martyrdom in resistance near Tekirwan (Kairouan) in the year 62 to emigrate, (over the course of seven years), and if some historians like Al-Zarkali tried to stigmatize him as an apostate, yet that does not detract from the faith and Islam of our martyr Axel by an inch?
And Mu’nis says, quoting al-Baji (that Axel embraced Islam before the campaign of Abu al-Muhajir, then he apostatized and dissented, and gathered nations from the Amazighs and Romans...then he entered Islam again...) and al-Salawi says [1](that when Abu al-Muhajir arrived in Tlemcen and conquered Kasila, he demonstrated Islam, so they preceded He is Abu Al-Muhajir and extracted it), and Al-Dabbagh said [2] (Abu Al-Muhajir concluded an alliance or reconciliation with Kusayla, and was kind to him and took him as a friend).
Whatever is said, the emigrant Dinar is a balanced personality that benefits Islam, and perhaps among his non-Arabs he is in conflict with the non-Arabs like him, or he is inclined to tolerance, imbued with his thought and its positive jihadist dimensions in the manner of Jawharlal Nehru’s peaceful method, aware of its value in attracting followers and supporters who are attracted by the kind and honest word, and provoked by harshness And harshness, and he knew how the ancestors were drawn to Islam peacefully, and they entered it in droves because it was the ideal and the best example, and the aversion to harshness and harshness is a charisma that has characterized the ancestors since ancient times until now, so they tightened the hand of pride and pride, even with loss, (And that they are a people whose side is feared, severe in their shares, and many in their gathering Comparable to the nations of the world and its generations of Arabs, Persians and Romans). [3], which was evident in many of their positions in the past, and our positions present, among their phenomena what happened against the damned Francis, and in our time during the meeting in Cairo and Omdurman, between the Algerian and Egyptian elected due to racist Egyptian transgressions that could not have been.
Uqba bin Nafie Al-Fihri and his fight against the Berbers:
Uqba was re-appointed over the mandate of North Africa by order of the Caliph Yazid bin Muawiyah (62/64 AH), and perhaps in the saying (birds of their shapes fall) honest inclination. Al-Bayt and Al-Hussein in Karbala, He completed it by besieging the city of the Messenger (Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah), and ended it by striking the Kaaba with catapults? Perhaps in the harshness of Aqaba with the Amazighs, he assumed the personality of his benefactor, Yazid, who started it by destroying Kairouan, the father of the immigrant, and arresting him and his companions, Kusila, and chaining them with iron chains!? This is confirmed by Al-Maliki, Al-Dabbagh and Ibn Ithari by saying: (… Uqba came to Kairouan and seized Abi Al-Muhajir dinars and tied him in iron and confiscated all the money with him, totaling one hundred thousand dinars, and ordered the destruction of the city of Abi Al-Muhajir that he built, and sent the people back to Al-Qayrawan…) [ 4], and the army prepared to plunder the money and livelihood of the servants of God, the Amazighs, by means of ghouls, so it was victorious in (Baghaya) and (Al-Masila) and was killed terribly among the people of the country, (...and spoiled their money, and booty from them horses that they did not see in their campaigns more solid or faster than the produce of the horses of Auras) [5]. And he was able to eliminate all resistance in the central Maghreb, and his thirst for more bloodshed increased, so he headed west towards Tangier. Abu Al-Muhajir advised him not to do that, because the Persian tribes of Europe are Muslim and it is not permissible to fight them. Yulian) the owner of Tangier over the Amazighs beyond the Atlas Mountains, so he reached (Volili *) and he made them thicker, and he was not satisfied with that, but (..he walked behind those fleeing from them to Draa [7]
There gathered crowds of Amazighs for him, so he fought them with a fierce fight that the Amazighs had not seen like him, so Uqbah defeated them and killed large numbers of them [8] And he kept moving from victory to victory until he reached the coast of the Atlantic, and in the water he put the feet of his horse, then raised his hands to the sky and said: (O Lord, if the sea had not prevented me, I would have gone through the country to the path of the two centuries, defending your religion, fighting those who disbelieved in you) [9].
The position of Excel (Kusaila) on the tyranny of an obstacle:
There are two explanations for what happened. Either the defect is in the verses of the Most Merciful in Surat al-Tawbah, which abrogate all the verses of tolerance with the infidels, or it is due to a misunderstanding and appreciation of what the Almighty wants. benefit in it, And he kept moving from victory to victory until he reached the coast of the Atlantic, and in the water he put the feet of his horse, then raised his hands to the sky and said: (O Lord, if the sea had not prevented me, I would have gone through the country to the path of the two centuries, defending your religion, fighting those who disbelieved in you) [9].
The position of Excel on the tyranny of an obstacle:
Because faith is in the heart, and its path is benevolence and honor for those whose hearts are to be reconciled, and what I see in the act of an obstacle is the summit of baseness by killing him with premeditation and observing the human soul that God has forbidden to kill except with justice, and it becomes clear through the facts contained that the perpetrator killed the Amazigh Muslims with knowledge and desire, (according to the reference [6]), and this is what is established that the act is utilitarian and material, and its purpose is concubines and spoils, as if Islam incites to kill people unjustly, and authorizes the Mujahideen to steal people’s money, kill their children, and turn their women into captives, concubines, and concubines. All that occurred in terms of transgression and offense in the name of Islam was under the watch of Excel accompanying the campaign with the friend of the immigrant, Dinar, and the sources and references mention that: (... Uqba bin Nafeh, he brought a herd of sheep to the military, and he slaughtered the herd, so Uqbah ordered Excel to be flayed with the skinners, so he told him “May God fix the prince, these are my boys and servants, they are sufficient for me.” So he rebuked him, and said to him: Get up. So Excel got up in anger, so whenever he stomped on the sheep, he wiped his hand with his beard from what was stuck to his hand from the wetness of that. This is what you do? He says: This is good for poetry. Abu Al-Muhajir said to Aqaba: May God fix the prince, what is this that you made? The Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, used to make friends with the Arab tyrants. Like al-Aqra’ bin Habis al-Tamimi and ‘Uyaynah bin Hisn, and you go to a man who is the best of his people in the house of his glory, close to a time of infidelity, and you corrupt his heart? And with the insistence of the Islamic leadership on Al-Marouq, the Amazighs broke their covenant with the invader Uqba. Axel escaped from the chains by stealth after the conviction of the resistance had fermented in his mind, due to the seriousness and ugliness of what he witnessed and witnessed with his full eye, accompanying his friend the immigrant while they were in shackles, and he gathered the crowd after his escape, and prepared to fight And treatment of those who humiliated him and humiliated his nation, curse the soldiers who visited him after the hypocrisy of an obstacle became apparent, and the defects of the invaders became apparent and it became clear that they do not fight in the way of God. The fate of their fighting for the sake of the tyrant, and the truth of those who said that a person knows his true identity in two things, when he becomes rich and rich, and when he assumes a high position, and here he is an obstacle that proves his bloody Arab-Umayyad traits, the owners of the treasury of human heads from the opponents of their member state, and proves an obstacle with his committed deeds that he Is he not qualified to represent Islam, which was said to be tolerant and merciful to all people, to the extent that he is a fierce representative of the Umayyads, increasing and increasing them? Perhaps there is some truth in what some say, because the Qur’anic abrogation reached a great extent in excluding the verses of tolerance, mercy and forgiveness. So the work ended with it as soon as the people felt that their strength and tyranny had increased, so they revealed (Bayraq) the merciful verses such as (...you have your religion, and I have mine), (...and whoever wills, let him believe, and whoever wills, let him disbelieve...), (there is no compulsion in religion...), invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and admonition. Al-Hasanah..) And they removed the verses of Surat Al-Tawbah Al-Jihadiyah as a substitute for it (Bayraq), such as: (So kill the polytheists wherever you find them.. Al-Tawbah / 5).
I do not know how our Salafi-jihadi brothers explain these actions, and what they will judge about the reaction of the Muslim excel (Kusaila) to the transgressions? Do they permit the right? Or is the predominance of religious and national sentiments the most prominent feature in rulings?!
The process of conquest pursued by Uqba and those with him, despite the intended silence on many of its missteps, actions and facts, shows a defect in the invader’s understanding of religion, or does religion itself require the believer to be a criminal butcher in the likeness of Uqbah and Bin Laden?, which raises a big question mark. Is bloody violence the creation of Islam?? Or the favor of the believers in it??, or partners in the matter?? Perhaps in the jurisprudence of al-Qaradawi’s jihad there is something that removes the veil or increases it, so that the people will rise from their slumber again, perhaps they will find something to cover their private parts, within the framework of what is known as responding to suspicions??!!
The righteous predecessors from the sons of (Tamazgha) Muslims, while living with the horror of killing and persecution under the pretext of spreading Islam, realized that the invaders and those who accompanied them were not qualified to judge the intentions of the people and weigh the amount of their faith and disbelief, and by using reason, it became clear that the best way to get rid of these people is revolution and rebellion, and this What explains the severity of the Amazigh resistance against the invasions, which lasted for a period of more than seventy years, in which they raised the items of disobedience and prepared to resist those who humiliated and oppressed them, so the fighting and fighting became palatable (inside the tent of Islam) between the jihadists of attack and defense, and between two peoples united by Islam, and separated by the nervous strife that Fueled by materialistic and authoritarian impulses.
And the incident took place... in Judaization in the year 63 AH!
What Axel will do is due to weighing, appreciation, and conviction that has been rooted in the long suffering he has endured since Uqba’s arrival in the province of Ifriqiya and Morocco, with iron shackles, insults and humiliation clearly expressed by historians, passing by watching his brothers being killed in cold blood before his eyes, and he is a king qualified to defend them, so if He, the king, had been insulted, so how is it with simple people? Those things came together to establish the conviction of revenge, not against Islam, but rather against those who took Islam as a pretext to conquer nations and peoples instead of liberating them. spaya, (Marcier mentions in his book, Islamic Barbarism, that the number of the displaced as slaves towards the Caliphate House during the era of Uqba exceeded eighty thousand). It is only a matter of replacing colonialism with another, more bloody and killing than the previous one.
Uqba al-Fihri and those with him returned to Tikroan (Qayrawan) after killing them and flaying them to isolation, loaded with the world's riches, brocade, horses, luggage and captives, passing through the country of the Zaybans, and he resided in a place known as Judaism(Sidi Uqba is currently) a banquet, celebrating what God has bestowed on him of the beauties of the Amazighs. The most prominent of which was the duel of Axel for Aqaba, who killed him in the presence of his slave girls and his captives, and those who accompanied them from the Byzantine prostitutes and dance professionals who were stationed in the Byzantine fortress of Judah (Tabeudios) to enjoy with those who are known as the conquerors? And all the military attached to him were killed on the spot, estimated at about 300 fighters
This is an incident that took place between two Muslim opponents within the framework of what is known as (haraba), because Excell’s Islam is unblemished, and it cannot be diminished, because faith is in the heart, and the act can only be interpreted as a matter of revenge for a wounded dignity, and a confirmed insult recognized by everyone. And revenge is palatable legally and customarily, and the beginning is darker. However, some parties were afflicted with intellectual disgust, so they started sanctifying the bloodshed, and neglected Axel (Kusaila), whom they branded with all the verses of slander, contempt, and blasphemy. And he knows the extent of the prohibition of meat on which the name of God is not mentioned?? And Excel did not do in his resistance except what was commanded by the Sharia, just as the owner of the Zanj did against the Abbasids, just as his act is no different from the fighting of the descendants of the Uqba of the Fihris themselves for the love of monopoly in power, where Elias killed his brother Abd al-Rahman bin Habib, and Habib bin Abd al-Rahman killed his uncle Elias bin Habib avenged his father, cut off his head, and hung it on a tree, which was marked by the city of Kairouan, as was always the custom of the Umayyads, and no one said that Elias or Habib was an infidel in God! Not to mention what the descendants of Uqba did in terms of killing innocent people under the slogan of avenging their murdered father in Judah.
And what grieves the soul and sends discord from its resting place, is the fact that some of the followers of the fake Arabism built a statue of Aqaba, which they erected in the middle of the city of Biskra, and transformed his grave with a lullaby (if the grave is certain??) into a shrine that they discovered suddenly after no less than five centuries had passed since his burial??? This is what the Fahri family did in Morocco by creating imaginary shrines for the first and second Idrissin, as they are loyal to the Amazighs, who are defended by gullible people in the hope of paradise???, and a person suffers from heartburn and distress when he notices that some of us sanctify the transgressive sinner, and deny the good, peaceful, believer, so they glorify the bloodshed, And they remain silent or turn a blind eye to the actions of one of the greats of the Islamic Maghreb, who is (Abu Al-Muhajir Dinar), for nothing but that he is from the Persians (Persian) in the popular sense.
If I had the ability, I would have established an entire city and named it (Axel Paul the Martyr) and another named (Al-Muhajir Dinar) for their great deeds.
The effects of the killing of Uqba bin Nafeh:
Panic spread in the midst of the Arab garrison in Tkirouan (Al-Qayrawan) after hearing the news of Uqba’s death, (and the greatness of the calamity upon the Muslims) [10] He began to think about ways of salvation, and they quarreled over two matters.
Either confronting Axel and martyrdom for the sake of God (according to their determination), or withdrawing from Tekirwan (Qayrawan) as quickly as possible so that their fate would not be like the fate of Aqaba and those with him, and the second choice was more correct for them at the initiative of Hanash Al-Sana’ani to Zuhair bin Qais Al-Balawi, who said at the time (O Muslims, whoever of you wants to close to his east, let him follow me) [11]. They actually withdrew from Kairouan and Ifriqiya towards Cyrenaica in Libya, in which they resided awaiting the reinforcements that would come to them from the Umayyad East. With their withdrawal, faith and Islam continued among the Amazighs without the need for Arabs. Excellency entered Kairouan and its people rushed to him asking him for safety. A period of five years (65/96 AH) The country knew stability that it did not know previously or not, although the sources did not refer to its conditions with the required accuracy in obscurity and veiling, during a period in which the Umayyad caliphate lived through the transfer of rule to the Marwanids, who revived tribal fanaticism, between the Qahtan family and the Adnan family.
Zuhair bin Qais Al-Balawi to take revenge on Excel:
From Cyrenaica, Zuhair bin Qais al-Balawi began to prepare to regain his control over Kairouan again, and historians mention [12] that Caliph Abd al-Malik bin Marwan wrote in the year 69 AH, corresponding to 688 AD to Zuhair bin Qais, who was residing in Cyrenaica, ordering him to go out to Kairouan to retrieve it from the hands of Cyrenaica. Excel (Kcel), as an Islamic country? ,
After he appointed him governor of Morocco if it was liberated from Kusaila, and because of his knowledge and experience in fighting the Amazighs, and he is the most qualified person to avenge the killing of his friend Uqba, (the most knowledgeable of people about Uqba and told them about his life and management, and the first of them to demand his blood). [13], So the caliph called for jihad, and sent a heavy army from the Levant, feeding it with the soldiers of Egypt, so a large army gathered at Zuhair bin Qais al-Balawi (the new governor) and marched to the west to reconquer the peaceful Muslim Tekirwan (Kairwan), and they landed in Qarchana (175) in the year 69 To emigrate, Axel avoided meeting the invading army inside Kairouan for fear of causing harm to its inhabitants that were not taken into account, and he worked to meet them outside it in a place known as (Bammash). And about that, Excel said (...but we will descend on a place that is on the water, for our army is great, and if we defeat them to Tripoli, we will cut off their traces, so the west will be ours until the end of time, and if they defeat us, the mountain will be close to us...). [14] The two sides met, and they fought fiercely, and calamity increased on both sides, and the signs of victory appeared to the Muslims, and Axcel and his allies were defeated and killed miserably. , (And plots and plotted God and God is the best of planners ). With his martyrdom, Al-Masharqa returned to Kairouan, not to spread Islam as it is rumored, but to control the necks of the servants and benefit from its bounties. Hamid al-Zanati, and other valiant opponents of the Levantine tyranny under the cloak of Islam itself, which prompted the ancestors to adopt the external zero-sum thought, perhaps their certainty of the arrogance of the rulers of the illiterate family of the Pharaohs, even for a while.
Conclusion:
Islam succeeded in dividing people into two groups, the group of the believers and the group of the infidels, and the believers were fragmented into denominations, sects and groups, and each group was keen to make the others unbelievers based on the well-established verses revealed in Surat al-Tawbah, and each sees that he is the survivor and the others are in the fire, and these jihadist verses were often exploited In taming people, or intimidating them, killing them, enslaving them, and enslaving them, and everyone who dares to say (enough) or (no), they mark him with ten as a person of desires, a hypocrite, and an apostate, he must be repented if he repents, or else he will be killed? And with the circulation of these rulings and their miscalculation and the difference in their interpretation and understanding, the best Muslims were killed, starting with the great companions, such as (Abdullah bin Al-Zubayr, Malik bin Nuweira * * and Al-Hussein bin Ali), then jurists (such as Ghaylan Al-Dimashqi and Saeed bin Jubair) And many others, and the killing of Axel is only an example of the sea of aggression and deliberate killing that was apparent in faith and Islam, and was hidden in search of African antics and its bounties, and its slaves and gifts that were successively sent to the house of the caliphate.
Written by the researcher: Al-Tayeb Ait Hammouda
Margins:
[1] Al-Salawi, The Investigation of the News of Al-Aqsa Maghreb Countries, Part 1.
[2] Al-Dabbagh, Milestones of Faith, vol. 1, p. 46
[3] Al-Abr, Abd al-Rahman bin Khaldun.
[4] Al-Maliki, Riyadh Al-Nufous, Vol. 1, p. 22, Ibn Adhari, Al-Bayan al-Maghrib, Vol.
[5] Al-Maliki, Riyadh Al-Nufous, Vol. 1, p. 23, Al-Mili, History of Algeria, p. 25.
[6] Al-Dabbagh, Milestones of Faith, Vol. 1, p. 53, Abdel Aziz Salem, History of Morocco in the Islamic Era, p. 138.
[7], Ibn Abd al-Haqq, Observatory of Examination, Vol. 2, pg. 523.
[8] Ibn Adhari, Al-Bayan Al-Maghrib Vol. 1, pg. 26, 27
[9] Ibn Adhari, Al-Bayan Al-Maghrib Vol. Al-Dabbagh, Milestones of Faith, Vol. 1, p. 51, al-Salawi, al-Istiqsa, Vol.
[10] Al-Dabbagh, Milestones of Faith, vol. 1, p. (55
[11] Ibn Adhari, Al-Bayan Al-Maghrib, Vol. 1, p. 31.
[12] Al-Maliki, Riyadh Al-Nufous, Vol. 1, p. 29, Al-Dabbagh, Milestones of Faith, Vol. 1, p. 56
[13] Ibn Adhari, Al-Bayan Al-Maghrib, Vol.
[14] Al-Maliki, Riyadh Al-Nufous, vol. 1, p. 30
[15] Al-Maliki, Riyadh Al-Nufous, Vol. 1, p. 30, Al-Dabbagh, Milestones of Faith, Vol. 1, p. 58
(*) (Volubilis *) An ancient ancient city on the slopes of the Atlas Mountain (it was known as (Volubilis), which the Idris took as a fortified center to spread their call.
[*]The companion Malik bin Nuwayrah: The commander Khaled bin Al-Walid killed him unjustly, and he violated his wife’s vagina, because he was late in pledging allegiance to the caliph Abi Bakr Al-Siddiq and his refusal to provide zakat to Quraysh, so the Saqifah group invented the charge of apostasy for the opponents, including this great companion.
Source: Al-Hiwar Al-Motaddin 1, 2