The hardest and most solid material on the surface of the Earth
What is the hardest and toughest material on the face of the Earth, or what is the strongest material on the planet Earth? The strongest and most solid materials ever on the surface of the Earth!
In fact, diamonds are known as the hardest natural materials ever, as diamonds have a unique chemical composition and crystalline structure, and are distinguished by being the only material composed of only one element, which is carbon.
The hardest and toughest materials
Diamonds contain approximately 99.95% carbon in their composition, and diamonds are formed as a result of carbon being exposed to intense pressure and heat, which leads to the production of a regular crystalline structure.
?What makes a diamond solid
The answer lies in the molecular structure of this shiny element. Diamond consists of five carbon atoms that share electrons in the form of a tetrahedral lattice structure. The bond between carbon atoms is very strong and difficult to break at normal temperatures.
Diamond has no free electrons, making it a poor electrical conductor, but it is an excellent conductor of heat, about five times better than copper, and due to this, it is used to make heatsinks for electronic circuits.
Thus, diamonds are distinguished by their high hardness, stronger than any other element in nature. Diamonds are among the most popular gemstones in the world, along with gold and silver. Diamonds can also be manufactured and can be distinguished from natural diamonds by specialists. Diamonds are found in the depths of the seas and oceans at a depth of more than 125 meters. km, as it is exposed to high pressure and intense heat, which causes the carbon atoms to be arranged in a regular manner, forming a wonderful geometric system, which makes it brighter and more sparkling than any other gemstone. Each carbon atom is linked to four other identical carbon atoms from all directions without any spaces, resulting in a crystalline structure that is closely interconnected. Strong, and this is what makes the properties of diamonds differ greatly from the properties of carbon atoms themselves and their ability to withstand pressure or breakage better than other elements. The color of diamonds differs from the color of carbon, as carbon is black and diamonds are transparent and colorless. The color of diamonds can be changed through heat treatment and sold in the markets to become more popular.
Diamond and carbon
Diamond is famous for its hardness and hardness. It is the only one among all materials that has a hardness rating of 10/10 in the international Mohs scale for stones. The most common measure of hardness is the Mohs scale, which was designed by the German scientist Friedrich Mohs.
The crystal system also has the property of scattering light, but in diamonds it is considered high for light. For this reason, diamonds are a stone of important value in the jewelry industry, in addition to other uses of diamonds, such as using diamonds on the top of drilling pipes for deep wells such as water, oil, and natural gas, in addition to the uses of diamonds in medical and electronic devices and equipment. Industrial and glass cutting.
Diamonds are definitely one of the most important minerals in the world, as they are the most valuable stones. The price of a diamond depends on a number of other factors, such as: The number of reflective edges, color, clarity, weight, historical and cultural significance and the rich and powerful still compete with each other
Some people obtain it, as it is considered one of the most important gems owned by kings
The legend of the invincible diamond
After reading this, you may feel like diamonds can't be beat, but that's not true. At high temperatures, diamonds become weak.
When diamond is heated to a temperature above 800 degrees Celsius, its chemical and physical properties change, and it becomes chemically reactive with iron, making it an undesirable material in the steel manufacturing process.
Scientists have tried to find alternative materials with better chemical stability. In 2009, researchers at Shanghai Jiao Tong University and the University of Nevada claimed to have found two substances that may displace diamonds as the hardest material.
Source: websites