?Julius Caesar...did he kill himself
There were many questions about the possibility of a people betraying an emperor of this weight, which had not been repeated in the history of their country
During recent years, it seemed in Rome that no one was convinced by the historical account of his murder through a conspiracy by Brutus and Cassius
Why is Rome reopening the investigation file into the murder of the most famous Caesar after 2058 years? Was the accused Brutus his illegitimate son?
Although the Roman Empire had many Caesars who ruled it, the name of Julius Caesar occupied a special place in the history of that republic or empire that at one time ruled more than half the world.
Julius Caesar surpassed Hannibal and Alexander, so he was the first to seize Arienne and Oceania, impose tribute on Germany and Britain , extend his authority over Asia and Africa, conquer Spain and Gaul, and defeat Vercingetorix, the leader of the Gaul resistance in the Alsace region, and over Farnas, who remained of the Ptolemaic Kingdom. In the Battle of Zeila, he also conquered Ptolemy in Alexandria, and Pompeii in Pharsal, and walked from victory to victory, and placed the ancient world in the context of slavery to the Roman Empire.
It means that the reader wonders, “How can a people betray an emperor of such weight that has not been repeated in the history of their country, and how does a group of them defend it by saying that the tragic end to which he was subjected was caused by preserving the empire from his dictatorship?”
Less than a decade ago, the Italian capital, Rome, was witnessing a very exciting event, which was the re-investigation of the Caesar assassination, which brings us back to searching the ruins of one of the most famous and most dangerous incidents, and even one of the most mysterious incidents throughout ancient history.
Who planned and arranged the assassination of their Caesar? How did the man defend himself so desperately? Why did he cover his face with a dress when he saw one of them, called Brutus, participating in stabbing his skinny body with the perpetrators? Was the latter his illegitimate son who sought revenge against him among the crowd of killers? Or did he not know about it until later?
What is certain is that there are many outstanding questions historically regarding the end of Julius Caesar, and these lines are nothing but an attempt to disturb history, so that it might say what it was silent about saying.
Gaius Julius Caesar, son of nobles
In 100 BC, Gaius Julius was born into a family of Roman nobles. As a teenager, he lived through an era of deprivation of the protection of the law imposed by his father’s son-in-law, Marius. He also lived through the dictatorship of the famous commander and consul of Rome, and the early era of Pompey, the outstanding Roman leader.
Roman and Greek historians alike recount how Gaius was an extraordinary child from an early age. From his early years, unique features, landmarks, and abilities were evident that aroused astonishment and captured admiration.
In his childhood, he was characterized by sharp intelligence and abundant generosity. He was known for his nobility, courage, clarity, and frankness, and he dealt with matters and issues in a way that was not devoid of striking seriousness.
The Greek historian Poltarch says, “He was not swept away by the currents of passions, nor was he enchanted by the eyes of beautiful women. He also had a tremendous ability to forge many and varied social relationships with various men of Rome, which earned him a tremendous amount of appreciation and respect among the people of the great city among the cities of the ancient world. It was not a surprise that everyone He was expected to become Rome's next man, its future master and glorious Caesar, and then its would-be emperor.
From the Greece of science to the militarization of Rome
The journey of young Gaius begins in Greece, where families in those times were accustomed to sending their children there to receive philosophical, literary, linguistic, and mental education. Greek schools and universities in those times served as scientific incubators for the ancient world.
When the boy Gaius returned to Rome, military training was waiting for him, the other side of the coin required for anyone holding any political or military position in ancient Rome.
Gaius's political career had begun, but the presence of the dictator general Sulla, the consul of Rome, i.e. its ruler, was considered an obstacle in the way of anyone who sought to reject the system of minority rule among members of the Roman Senate. Gaius was one of the first to reject this rule, which would cost him his arrest and his remaining in prison for a period. short.
Despite his imprisonment, Gaius was so wise and intelligent that he was able to maintain his relations with the nobles of Rome in the Senate for 10 years after his release.
Gaius was chosen as a fellow of the nobility in Rome in 73 BC, then he joined the ranks of the Roman army as an officer and accountant of the Roman government, until he led his own army, which was known as the most disciplined army of Rome ever.
Through a coordinated relationship with the generals Pompey and Crassus, Gaius formed the first triumvirate of Rome, ending the minority rule of the Senate, and this was by 71 BC.
Gaius was busy for about 10 years on military tours, in which he showed great prowess, but this cost him the loss of his influence within Rome in favor of his partners Pompey and Crassus, and the latter would die and only the former would remain.
It was forbidden for any general to lead his armies into Rome, but Gaius Julius uttered his famous phrase, “The arrow has run out” or “He has thrown the dice,” and he entered Rome with his army to subject everyone to his authority, even if it cost Rome a civil war with Pompey’s army.
Gaius Julius won a crushing victory over all his opponents, and from that time he was considered the absolute dictator, but the term “dictator” here does not mean that he was a bad man, but rather he was able to unite the nation under his banner, and for this reason he worked hard to improve the lives of Roman citizens and increase the effectiveness of the government. He made it adopt positions of honesty and sincerity, and in 44 BC he announced the extension of his permanent authority over Rome.
In this context, one wonders, “Were the victories of Gaius Julius Caesar, and the defeats of his enemies, the main starting point that would cost him his life, within one of the most famous mysterious crimes in history, especially since the threads of the conspiracy are still unclear to all historians to this day?”
Julius' rule and accusations of dictatorship
In his famous book, “Leaders of Thought,” the dean of Arabic literature, Taha Hussein, speaks about Julius Caesar, saying, “His luck was better than that of Alexander. He was able to organize the political unity that Alexander failed to organize, or to lay the foundation for this organization. However, Julius hardly settled in Rome even erased the actual sovereignty of the regime and seized all power, making himself a dictator for the rest of his life. He also made himself a holy emperor, reserved for himself religious authority and appointed himself a leader of the weak, protecting and protecting them, and all that remained was for him to assume the title of king.
Julius Caesar made himself a holy emperor (social networking sites)
At this time, the Roman nobles knew that their end might be very near, and that is why he tried to reassure them, as Cicero, the famous Roman writer and orator, praised him.
Julius treated these nobles with dignity, pardoned all his enemies who surrendered to him, and sentenced to death only a small number of officers who had betrayed his reign.
Julius burned all the letters he found in the tent of the generals Pompey and Scipio without reading them, and sent Pompey's daughter and his captive grandchildren to Sextus, Pompey's son, who was still at war with him. He repaired the statue of Pompey and set it in its place after his followers had thrown it to the ground.
Julius then appointed Brutus and Cassius as governors of two of the states. He also appointed other nobles to some high positions. He endured many harms and shortcomings without complaining or complaining, and he did not take any measures against anyone who he thought were conspiring to kill him.
As for Cicero, who always dressed for every situation and turned his sails to every wind, Julius did not content himself with pardoning him, but rather honored him and did not spare him anything that the great orator asked for his exile or his Pompeian friends, that is, the followers of General Pompey. Rather, he submitted to Cicero’s insistence and pardoned Marx Marcellus. He is the man who rebelled against Caesar and did not regret his action. In a resonant sermon titled “To Marcellus,” Cicero praised “Caesar’s unbelievable generosity,” and said of Pompey that if he had been victorious, he would have taken more revenge on his enemies than him.
Were these actions, which were viewed with nobility, enough to divert the conspiracy from Julius, or did they increase the anger of his enemies despite his pardoning them, and push them on the path of preparing a murder that will be talked about for generations across two thousand years?
Brutus and the assassination, personal or national?
One of the most important questions that has yet to be answered in the case of the murder of Julius Caesar, which took place on March 15 of the year 44 BC: “Was Brutus, the close friend of Caesar Julius and the cornerstone of the assassination plot a real murderer? Or was he a real murderer?” He was a defender of the Roman Republic, which Julius tried to turn into a monarchy and appoint himself as its king?
He is Marcus Junius Brutus, the inimitable Roman politician, who appeared in a pivotal period in the history of the Roman Republic, one that was full of civil wars, unrest, and political discord.
According to the British Encyclopedia, Brutus was born in 85 BC in northern Greece. He was the son of a prominent Roman family. His father was Marcus Junius Brutus Sr., and his mother was Servilia.
On his father's side, Brutus' family was related to the founder of the Roman Republic, Lucius Junius Brutus, who is credited with leading the rebellion that overthrew King Tarquin the Arrogant, the last Etruscan king, in 509 BC, and established and defended the republican system of Rome to the point of publicly executing some of his sons for their involvement in A conspiracy against the republic he founded.
Brutus's mother, Servilia, was from a family with a long history in Roman power, and it is rumored that she was the mistress of Julius Caesar. There are those who deny that this is true, and that Julius invented her to discredit her, and from here historians found themselves faced with two possibilities. The first is that Brutus was actually an illegitimate son. Julius, or that Brutus took revenge on Caesar for defaming his mother.
The influence of Brutus' mother, Servilia, was clear on Julius Caesar, which is why her son Brutus found his way very quickly to the side of Caesar, who wanted someone with a great reputation at his side, because that gave him a form of legitimacy, and the trust here is with the narrator, who is the historian Catherine Tempest in her book Brutus: The Noble Conspirator.
Brutus was appointed by Caesar as governor of Sisalian Gaul from 47 to 45 BC, and Caesar appointed Brutus to the prestigious and powerful position of "praetor" in 44 BC, a position that carried many distinct powers.
How could Brutus, who was so close to him, be the primary perpetrator of the assassination of Caesar Julius?
According to the British Encyclopedia, Brutus was born in 85 BC in northern Greece. He was the son of a prominent Roman family. His father was Marcus Junius Brutus Sr., and his mother was Servilia.
On his father's side, Brutus' family was related to the founder of the Roman Republic, Lucius Junius Brutus, who is credited with leading the rebellion that overthrew King Tarquin the Arrogant, the last Etruscan king, in 509 BC, and established and defended the republican system of Rome to the point of publicly executing some of his sons for their involvement in A conspiracy against the republic he founded.
Brutus's mother, Servilia, was from a family with a long history in Roman power, and it is rumored that she was the mistress of Julius Caesar. There are those who deny that this is true, and that Julius invented her to discredit her, and from here historians found themselves faced with two possibilities. The first is that Brutus was actually an illegitimate son. Julius, or that Brutus took revenge on Caesar for defaming his mother.
The influence of Brutus' mother, Servilia, was clear on Julius Caesar, which is why her son Brutus found his way very quickly to the side of Caesar, who wanted someone with a great reputation at his side, because that gave him a form of legitimacy, and the trust here is with the narrator, who is the historian Catherine Tempest in her book Brutus: The Noble Conspirator.
Brutus was appointed by Caesar as governor of Sisalian Gaul from 47 to 45 BC, and Caesar appointed Brutus to the prestigious and powerful position of "praetor" in 44 BC, a position that carried many distinct powers.
How could Brutus, who was so close to him, be the primary perpetrator of the assassination of Caesar Julius?
Brutus was not the only one who sensed the danger of the changes taking place in the mind of Caesar Julius regarding the state system, but rather public opinion in Rome as a whole, which began to turn and transform.
During these times, graffiti appeared in the middle of the streets of the capital, Rome, glorifying Grandfather Brutus, the founder of the Republic, and criticizing the ambitions of Caesar Julius, who leaned towards the monarchy.
In addition, it was irritating to the feelings of Brutus Junius, Caesar's protégé, to find insults directed at him from all directions, not just on the walls of the streets of Rome, accusing him of failing to live up to the level of his grandfather who saved the republic, especially after the Senate of Rome declared Julius Caesar Eternal ruler.
?Did someone motivate Brutus to assassinate Julius Caesar
Evidence is that there are many writings that prove that the articulate orator Cicero wrote letters asking Brutus to reconsider his relationship with Julius Caesar, while the famous Roman historian Cassius Dio claims that Brutus' wife Eurysia motivated him to hatch a conspiracy against Julius Caesar to get rid of him.
The plot to assassinate Caesar was born behind the walls of the Imperial Palace. Three key figures, Brutus and Cassius, along with Brutus' cousin and close ally of Caesar, Decimus Junius Brutus, set about recruiting dozens of Roman senators to join them in late February. From 44 BC.
The fortuneteller... Beware the storm, Caesar
In the beginning, there was no clear plan for the assassination, especially since the time from the fermentation of the idea to its implementation did not exceed two weeks.
The first talk was about setting up an ambush in the Via Sacre area, when Julius passed through there, and then I proposed the idea of killing him during general elections, and I also proposed killing him during a wrestling match, one of those for which the arenas of ancient Rome were famous, and which were known as “gladiators.” But in the end the choice settled on assassinating the Tsar during a Senate meeting in mid-March.
If Julius had listened to the prophecy of the Roman soothsayer who warned him about the date of March 15, and that great evil would happen during it, and had stayed at home, would he have been spared this fate, or would the conspiracy have been going ahead anyway?
That day was the feast of Mars, the god of war, during which military parades took place and soldiers marched in Pompeii Square, as a display of Roman imperial power.
On the way, Julius met the fortune teller himself, and he began a conversation with him, taunting him by saying, “The 15th of March has come, and no evil has happened to me.” He replied, “Yes, the day has come, but it has not yet passed.”
The fortuneteller warned Julius Caesar of a great evil
It was customary for the Tsar to meet with the senators after the military ceremony, and on the way to the meeting hall, the Tsar was stabbed more than 23 times.
Here we find ourselves facing a more mysterious and exciting scene, as the historian Plutarch says that Caesar, as a soldier, never knew how to surrender in his life, and he was the one who fought in many battles and achieved great victories in them.
Caesar defended himself with his sword in defense of heroes, and did not throw his sword until the last stab, which he was surprised was from Brutus, his son or his younger brother, his stepson who was close to him inside and out, and at that time, he threw his sword and directed his words to him, saying, “Even you, little one,” and he did not say Caesar, Shakespeare's words that he immortalized in his famous play "Julius Caesar", "Even You, Brutus."
According to Plutarch, the assassination scene was chaotic, to the point where Brutus himself was injured in the hand while stabbing Caesar.
?Why did Brutus lead the plot to assassinate Caesar
Personal reasons seem to be hidden behind the invocation of protecting the Roman Republic and its main system, and for fear of its transformation into a monarchy different from its establishment. However, this proposal was not popular among the Roman masses, who loved Julius Caesar very much, and for this reason chaos spread in the country and fires broke out in the cities and streets. Rome seemed on the verge of a new civil war, which prompted Brutus and Cassius to flee to Macedonia to escape the anger and expected accountability for the murder of Caesar.
About two years later, in the famous Battle of Philippi in 42 BC, Brutus and Cassius were defeated by the forces of General Mark Antony, their former ally in killing Caesar, who later became an ally of Gaius Octavius, who would succeed Julius.
In the face of this defeat, Brutus committed suicide in October 42 BC, and his dreams of a republican Rome as his grandfather had founded died with him, as Augustus Caesar was installed as the first emperor of Rome, declaring the end of the republican era of Rome.
The Carabinieri...Caesar committed suicide and was not killed
In March 2003, in Rome it seemed that no one was convinced by the historical account of the murder of Julius Caesar by a conspiracy by Brutus and Cassius.
The investigations began again at the hands of Italian Colonel Luciano Garofano, director of the Carabinieri Judicial Investigation Center, who decided to open an investigation into the crime that took place 2058 years ago in front of the Senate Palace.
The motive of the descendants of the Romans was that the internal fighting and chaos that occurred after the assassination of Julius Caesar did not allow for a comprehensive investigative investigation to determine the reasons for the occurrence of the mass crime.
Garofano asked a number of thought-provoking questions about the most famous incident, including:
- Why did Julius Caesar prevent his guards from accompanying him to the Senate, despite his certainty that his opponents were plotting evil and treachery against him?
?- Why did he insist on challenging his opponents alone, and ignored the objections of his wife and his camp commander
?- Why did he turn a deaf ear to the cries of the fortune teller who warned him of the bad luck accompanying March 15
Different readings show us, and perhaps they do not contain all the truth that the contemporary Italian investigator arrived at, after communicating with American psychologists and forensic doctors, that Julius Caesar was afflicted with one of two things:
The first story says that he was suffering from epilepsy, which caused him to be struck above the head during the last military battle he fought. Among the supporters of this opinion is Professor Strauss from Cornell University in America, and he asserts that Julius Caesar stopped attending the sessions of the Roman Senate, and disappeared within the walls of his palace. He was afraid of the appearance of seizures, the symptoms of which varied from time to time, and he often resisted them by throwing himself on the floor of the room.
The second story is that Julius was suffering from a severe disease in his intestines that left him in a constant state of severe diarrhea, with which he was unable to control his normal movement.
These two reasons, in addition to the fact that the wounds found on his body were not fatal, except for one blow, which was likely in the back and was a stab wound by Brutus, led the Italian investigator to say that Julius himself was the one who planned this battle in agreement with Brutus, in order to achieve three complete goals: It is a quick death, a good and immortal reputation, as well as the continuation of his lineage in power, that is, Brutus, who described him as his son when he stabbed him by saying, “Even you, my son.”
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