Saif al-Din Qatz
One day, a child from the Kingdom of Khiva was sold as a slave, after the Tatars invaded their land in Central Asia and killed his royal family, which belongs to Sultan Jalal al-Din Khiva.
The Tatars carried him as a child to Damascus and sold him to slave traders, and he was transferred from hand to hand until he reached Egypt.
He showed genius in administration, politics, strength, and firmness, and rose through the ranks until he became a sultan, after which he inflicted on the Tatars one of the greatest defeats in their history, the Battle of Ain Jalut, and avenged his family and the Muslims, and became a great leader in the lands of Islam.!
He is Sultan Al-Muzaffar, “Mahmoud bin Mamdoud Saif Al-Din Qutuz”..!
Al-Malik Al-Muzaffar Saif Al-Din Qutuz Mahmud bin Mamdud bin Khwarazmshah was a Mamluk Sultan (died 658 AH corresponding to 1260 ); he assumed power in 657 AH corresponding to 1259. Qutuz is considered the hero of the Battle of Ain Jalut and the conqueror of the Mongol Tatars , and the liberator of Jerusalem from the Tatars; he is also considered one of the most prominent kings of Egypt, despite the fact that his reign lasted less than one year , as he succeeded in remobilizing and regrouping the Islamic army, and was able to stop the Tatar advance that almost destroyed the Islamic state , so Qutuz and his army defeated them in a major defeat at Ain Jalut , and pursued their remnants until he liberated the entire Levant from their rule.
Qutuz is a name given to him by the Tatars because he fiercely resisted them when they kidnapped him and sold him as a child. The meaning of Qutuz in the Mongolian language is ( fierce dog ). Qutuz’s lineage goes back to Prince Mamdud al-Khwarazmian, cousin of Sultan Jalal al-Din Khwarazmshah, Sultan of the Khwarazm state , and husband of his sister. Qutuz grew up as a prince and was trained in the arts of combat by his uncle. After the fall of the Khwarazmian state, he was sold as a Mamluk in the Levant , then moved to Egypt and was sold as a Mamluk to King Al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub , the last king of the Ayyubid state . He learned the arts of combat and military tactics in the Mamluk schools, and participated in the army of King Al-Salih in repelling the Seventh Crusade , and achieving victory in the Battle of Mansoura in 648 AH corresponding to 1250
Qutuz rose through the ranks of power until Saturday, 24 Dhu al-Qi'dah 657 AH corresponding to November 11, 1259 , when he was installed as the third Mamluk Sultan of Egypt. [4] When Qutuz returned victorious from Ain Jalut to Egypt, some Mamluk princes, led by Baybars , conspired against him, killing him between Al-Qurabi and Al-Salihiya , and he was buried in Al-Qusayr . His grave was then transferred after a period of time to Cairo , and he was killed on Saturday, 16 Dhu al-Qi'dah 658 AH corresponding to October 22. 1260 , fifty days after the Battle of Ain Jalut .
Source: websites