Civilizational progress and great empires
From 1200 BC to 50 AD. About 1200 BC. Links arose between the ancient civilizations of the East and the civilizations of Europe on the island of Crete and southern Greece. When Alexander conquered the East in the fourth century BC, contact between the East and the West was strengthened, and what was known as the Hellenistic civilization arose in the Levant and Egypt in particular. When the Romans inherited Greece in the East in the late first century BC, contact increased, and influence and influence took place between the East and the West. European civilization was later an outgrowth of Greek, Roman, and Islamic civilization.
With the development and communication of ancient world civilizations, they began to have common features. For example, they knew iron, how to make it and use it. Perhaps trade was one of the most important factors that helped transfer common knowledge between these civilizations, as well as conquests and finally the seas as an important means of transportation.
Great empires. The major empires in the ancient Near East began with the Assyrian Empire, in the eighth century BC, and included Mesopotamia and the Levant, and became influential in Egypt. The Assyrian empire was based in the city of Nineveh (in Iraq), and they were known for their severity and cruelty. But their empire collapsed with the fall of Nineveh in 612 BC at the hands of the Babylonians, Persians, and Medes. Babylon inherited the entire Assyrian empire. The Achaemenid Persians quickly inherited this empire in the sixth century BC, and they annexed Egypt to it in 525 BC. The entire ancient world in the Near East became a single empire for the first time in history. It is the empire that Alexander annexed to his kingdom by defeating the Persian king Darius III in 331 BC.
Source: websites