Supermassive black holes
Black holes... huge, dark stars that suppress the light inside them
Speaking of black holes, it is noteworthy that a British astronomer named “John Mitchell” raised a strange proposal about a physical condition in which the escape velocity is equal to the speed of light. It is known that bodies and all celestial bodies have a fixed escape velocity from gravity, which symbolizes the speed required for any body that seeks to escape its gravity. The escape velocity from the surface of the Earth is 11.2 kilometers per second, from the Moon it is 2.4 km/s, and from the Sun it is very large due to its huge mass and is equivalent to 615 km/s.
Based on Newton's laws of motion, and as is clear from the data above, the escape velocity is directly proportional to the increase in mass, or in other words, to the body's gravitational force. What the astronomer Mitchell proposed In the late eighteenth century, his theoretical model expressed an exceptional case in which an object had such a massive mass that it suppressed the light inside it and prevented it from escaping. Then he continued his imagination and began to formulate the dimensions of these huge stars, which he admitted were impossible to exist in the universe, and then he called them “Dark Stars.”
Les trous noirs supermassifs sont les trous noirs les plus grands et les plus grands et les corps célestes les plus terrifiants de tout l'univers, car la masse de ces trous est équivalente à des centaines de milliers, voire des millions, voire des milliards de fois celle du soleil. les centres des galaxies, de sorte que toutes les galaxies observées jusqu'à présent contiennent un trou super noir au centre.
Ce qui signifie que notre galaxie, la Voie lactée, possède en son milieu un trou noir supermassif appelé (Sagittaire A), qui se trouve à 26 000 années-lumière de nous et a une masse égale à 4 millions de masses solaires
Trou Noir du Sagittaire... un monstre déchaîné au cœur de la Voie Lactée
This discovery provides compelling evidence that what lies behind the intense energy center in this spot is an object with enormous gravity. Based on calculations of the orbit of the stars orbiting around it, scientists estimated the mass of this object at 4.3 million times the mass of the Sun and a size equivalent to the size of our solar system. With these specifications, the matter should not deviate from speculation about the reality of the existence of a super-massive black hole in this cosmic spot.
While the largest supermassive black hole discovered so far in the universe is TON 618, which is no less than 10 billion light-years away from us and has a mass equal to 67 billion solar masses!!
Considered a quasar, TON 618 is thought to be an accretion disk of hot, condensed gas swirling around a massive black hole at the center of a galaxy. The age of the light produced by the quasar is estimated at 10.4 billion years. The surrounding galaxy is not visible from Earth, because the quasar itself eclipses it. Its absolute magnitude is -30.7, and it shines with an intensity of 40 dodechillion watts, or the radiance of 140 trillion suns, making it one of the brightest objects in the known universe.
Like other quasars, TON 618 has emission lines containing a spectrum of gas much cooler than the accretion disk in the broad-line region. The emission lines in the spectrum of TON618 are unusually broad,
Which indicates that the gas is moving very quickly; The hydrogen beta line shows that it is moving at 7000 km/s.
Thus the central black hole must have a particularly large gravitational force.
The size of the outline region can be calculated from the brightness of the quasar radiation that shines in it.
From the size of this region and the speed with which it rotates around itself, the law of gravity reveals that the mass of the black hole in NT618 is 66 billion solar masses. With a mass this high, TON 618 falls into the new classification of supermassive black holes. A black hole with this mass has a Schwarzschild radius of 1,300 astronomical units, meaning its diameter is about 390 billion kilometers.
Source: websites