?How is the standardization and standardization of the Amazigh language
Standard language means the language that has undergone processes of preparation, standardization, and curation in response to the needs of society and the state, in a specific historical context. These processes move in this language from the status of dialect or dialects circulating within the framework of oral tradition, to the level of the language of writing, school and institutions. This process takes place on two levels. The first is related to preparing the status of this language by issuing laws that define its status and functions in state institutions and in public life, while the second level involves preparing its text. Preparation at the second level is undertaken by specialists in grammar, lexicon and phonetics of that language and all disciplines related to linguistics. These operations also take place within one of the state institutions, with a budget of public money, indicating that the state officially sponsors this language and adopts what it becomes, and thus defines new functions for it that are not limited to the traditional functions of the spoken dialect circulating among the common people in daily life.
This means that there is no standard language that has been standardized from the beginning. Rather, these processes must be carried out by specialists within the framework of a specific political project approved and adopted by the state. All languages, including languages known at the international level such as English, French and Arabic, are originally dialects. The daily has undergone a long series of preparation, and is still subject to reviews and audits by specialists to this day.
So, standardization does not mean making a “laboratory” language, i.e. a language that is cooked in haste, completely and absolutely separate from the reality of people and the spoken forms of expression, but rather it means a long-term series of gradual transformation and preparation processes, which stems from the common trunk between branches and dialectal diversities, which makes The process of unification is possible, to the collection and codification of the language from all regions and all its branches, with the help of available dictionaries and the restoration of words that have been covered by the dust of oblivion due to the damage, erasure and regression of dialects, passing through the extraction of rules, scrutiny and clarification using descriptive language, i.e. working on the phonological aspect to neutralize surface differences and then The highly complex morphological aspect, ending with the lexical creativity Néologie, which is the “science of linguistic modernization,” that is, the science of generating new words, which is indispensable for any language that wants to respond to the emerging needs of the age and society.
With regard to the Moroccan experience in unifying the Amazigh language, it was launched in 2002 (8 May in particular) with the development of a "curriculum for teaching the Amazigh language", which recognizes the necessity of standardization and gradual standardization of the language. Then it was deepened after the establishment of the institute within the framework of the joint committee between the two institutions. Gradual unification means receiving the child in the first year of primary school in his daily language, i.e. the mother tongue, which in turn was subjected to preliminary preparation in order to prepare it for school during the first three years of primary education, before gradually moving it towards openness to other branches of the Berber language, i.e. dialectal diversities.
The construction of the unified Tamazight language is based on all its dialectical components in Morocco, in addition to giving the Tamazight language at the level of North Africa, just as any linguistic creativity in the Arabic language in Syria, Egypt or Lebanon has an echo in Morocco, what is done in the field of the Amazigh language in various Maghreb countries It will be a large field of knowledge, scientific and cultural exchange. This is evidenced by the current wide coordination between actors in the field of Berber language and culture in Libya and Morocco, especially after the fall of the Gaddafi regime.
?Why doesn't everyone understand the standard language
It is clear from the foregoing the reason why many say that they do not understand the standard Amazigh language, for the standard language is a language whose body has undergone preparation to meet the needs of state institutions, especially educational institutions. An example of this is that not everyone understands standard Arabic, even if they speak many dialects, because the condition for understanding it is to go to school, learn the rules, and know the different vocabulary and multiple synonyms.
It can be said that one of the biggest reasons for not understanding the language of the criterion is the following:
It is a language in which the intruder lexicon is less than other languages in circulation, but it has first the vocabulary of its own lexicon, which was collected from different regions, and then the terms that were developed through derivation and other ways of creating the linguistic lexicon, of course with respect for the morphological rules of the language, as it cannot be Only a specialist in linguistics, especially morphology and lexicon, should do this work. The citizen of Souss, who used to pronounce the word “al-kaddam” to denote the front, which is an Arabic word, was not accustomed to hearing the word “amnid,” which is from the Sous dialect itself, or “dat” that circulates in central and southeastern Morocco, or “zat.” used in northern Morocco. The case is that in the Amazigh school or in the news bulletin, all these words are used as synonyms. Also, the rural citizen who is accustomed to using the word “Rivers” to denote the day, will not find this word in school as long as the Berbers from Morocco through Algeria to Libya pronounce “Ass” and are unanimous in “Ussan”.
The same is said about numbers and numbers that have been lost in many dialects, but have remained preserved in some of them. The same is said about all the vocabulary used to denote modern products that do not exist in any of the dialects, such as the lexicon of media, administration, judiciary, technology and science..
The second reason for not understanding the standard language without learning it is that it is a complex language of all its branches, which makes the speakers of each dialect believe that the standard language was formulated in the dialects of other parties, which is what happens to those who talk about “Soviet hegemony,” for example, and when we ask them for examples, as happened in Some of the training courses discover for themselves that what they thought of “Sussiya” may come from areas other than Souss in particular, and this also applies to large numbers of the people of Souss who believe that the eighth TV channel (Tamazight channel) is “controlled by the rural people”, and the reason for this is that the channel It is obligatory to use all dialects, with a lot of modern Amazigh terms, indicating, for example, “development”, “economy” or “politics” etc.. This makes the people of Sousse consider that everything they do not understand is “tarifit”.
The fact that everyone should realize is that there is no “complete” or self-sufficient dialect that meets all the needs of the school language, and it is necessary to integrate between the branches of the Amazigh language, as the dialects are obliged to exchange among them, and the speakers of the Amazigh dialects must realize that they cannot Within the school, cling to the Arabic, Spanish or French words found in their dialects, as long as these words are abundantly available in other Berber dialects. Linguists do not keep the intruder except in rare cases, the first of which is the lack of an alternative at all in the lexicon of the language concerned with the standardization. This lively exchange and interaction between dialects makes that each of the regions receives about 66 percent of the Tamazight of the other regions, and thus makes people in each region believe that their dialect is marginalized, and the Berbers themselves will need a short time to understand the major transformations that their language is undergoing.