? Is there really another universe in which time runs in reverse
During the months of May and June, perhaps the most widespread scientific news among people was that the American Space and Aviation Agency (NASA) had managed to discover the existence of another universe parallel to the universe in which we live, but time goes back in time, the news swept the means of communication The Arab and international socialist, what divides the debaters about it into two groups, the first fully believes the news, and the second rejects the same idea in the absolute and imagines that it is just dreams.
The news was already exaggerated, as it built itself on recent results from ANITA, a smart experiment that aims to use the entire Antarctic continent as a laboratory, where high-energy cosmic neutrinos are supposed to interact with the continent's huge ice cover, causing a reflection A specific pattern of radio pulses that can be picked up by antennas suspended in a helium balloon flying at an altitude of about 37 kilometers in the sky of the frozen continent.
A "neutrino" is a subatomic particle so small that a trillion of it will pass through one of your fingers in one second, but this particle is so weakly interacting that only one "neutrino" can interact with your body during your whole life, they are particles without charge and carry Almost any mass, which is why catching neutrinos has always been like catching ghosts, and it always required clever tricks like Anita to catch the high-energy kind.
Discovering another universe parallel to ours
In the year 2018, the “Anita” experiment began to receive radio signals that were abnormal from what was expected of it. To say that this is only related to the nature of the ice itself in Antarctica, but some have suggested that this may be evidence of something else that lies in the far reaches of our imaginations.
At that point, a hypothesis enters, led by a research paper issued at about the same time. This hypothesis suggests that the universe we know is more like a mirror image of another universe, and both universes started from the same point, which is the Big Bang.
To understand it, let's start from the most accepted model of cosmology today, (it is called for short the "Lampda - CDM" model, which assumes that our universe started from the Big Bang. A movie that is being shown now and we wanted to take the scenes back for about 13.8 billion years, then this expansion will be reversed to reach one point from which the whole universe begins.
We do not know much about this point yet, and we cannot observe anything that happened during it or during the first four hundred years of the history of the universe, as it was dark and did not pass any light, and as soon as the first cosmic atoms were formed until the first photons of light were released, but we only assume their existence based on Lots of hard evidence.
We must clarify that the problem is not in the hypothesis that the results of Anita's experiments are related to the inverted universe, but rather in the talk that their results are a confirmation or even an indication of the existence of this inverted universe, while it is at most just a guess, and even with our discovery of those particles it remains a guess, because it can be It also refers to other things.
However, the hypothesis of the existence of a universe opposite to ours in which we live already exists, and a research team from Oxford University had pointed out a similar hypothesis several years ago, in a study published in the journal "Physics Letters" saying that the Big Bang was not, as we imagine it, the starting point. for both time and space, but it was the moment when the orientation of space changed.
Like its predecessor, this new model does not avoid the Big Bang, but continues its solutions directly through the Big Bang to what happened before it, and therefore does not introduce any new principles, nor does it provide any modifications to Einstein's theory of general relativity that explains the evolution of the universe accurately, and only builds itself, Like the previous one, I also have a problem to be solved, this time called the Horizon Problem.
Where we know that very early in the history of the universe, the speed of cosmic expansion was greater than the speed of light, which means that there were elementary particles that appeared right after the Big Bang but never had a chance to meet each other, to understand this imagine that we have a cup of hot water and a cup of water Cold we separated them from each other as soon as they formed, here one will remain cold and the other hot for a while, but when we leave them attached for some time and then move them to the right and left, both of them will be about the same temperature.
Here the problem of the horizon appears, as the particles that separated quickly in the beginning of the universe are supposed to differ in their characteristics from each other, but the effect of this does not appear in the universe that we see before us, it is homogeneous, its parts resemble each other in all directions, here the main question appears: What made regions of the universe that ? were never connected to each other so homogeneous
At that point, two ways to answer appear, the first is related to post-Big Bang physics, this solution imagines that something happened in the first moments of the universe’s life, and caused this impossible connection, perhaps space itself was different from what we know now, and perhaps the speed of light was greater As for the second way, it says that it seems that the Big Bang was not the beginning of time in the first place, but rather somehow possessed those particles some time before the Big Bang to mix with each other, then the Big Bang came.
All these hypotheses did not appear out of the blue. Rather, they are solutions to problems that already exist in the current models that explain the universe. Take, for example, that research paper that sparked controversy in the research community in the year 2017 AD when it indicated the possibility of another universe colliding with ours at a very early stage in its history. The hypothesis of that research paper was based on a region in the microwave background radiation that the current models can only explain with an idea borrowed from the hypothesis of "bubble universes" that came as a result of the hypothesis of permanent inflation (Eternal Inflation).
? • Are there really other universes
But these hypotheses about other universes face a fundamental problem, which is our ability to confirm their validity experimentally. The question “Are there really other universes?” is difficult to answer in our current scientific situation, and we may never be able to answer it, but who knows, we may do, all we need His goal now is to continue working to develop more accurate tools and clearer and more acceptable models of falsification, so that we can one day be able to verify that idea.
Until that moment comes, we cannot deal with these models as a reality on the ground. We are still in a land closer to imagination, but it is a fantasy that deserves contemplation and work on it. Perhaps one day we will answer our most urgent questions: What is dark energy? And what is dark matter? What happened at the very? moment of the Big Bang
? What time? What is life
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