?Is there really another universe in which time runs in reverse
During the months of May and June, perhaps the most widespread scientific news among people related to the fact that the American Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) had managed to discover the existence of another universe parallel to the one in which we live, but time goes backwards. The news swept Arab and international social media, What divided those discussing it into two groups, the first believes the news completely, and the second rejects the idea itself in absolute terms and imagines that it is just dreams.
The news was really exaggerated, as it built itself on recent results from ANITA, a smart experiment that aims to use the entire continent of Antarctica as a laboratory, where high-energy cosmic neutrinos are supposed to interact with the huge ice cap of the continent, causing reflection A specific pattern of radio pulses that can be picked up by antennas suspended in a helium balloon flying at an altitude of about 37 kilometers in the sky of the frozen continent.
The "neutrino" is a subatomic particle so small that a trillion particles of it will pass through one of your fingers in one second, but this particle is so weak that only one "neutrino" can interact with your body during your entire life, they are particles without charge and do not carry Almost any mass, which is why catching neutrinos has always been like catching ghosts, and it always took clever tricks like Anita to catch the high-energy kind.
The discovery of another universe parallel to ours
In the year 2018 A.D., the experiment "Anita" began to receive anomalous radio signals from what is expected of it. It seemed as if it had occurred because of particles that passed through the earth to the southern continent and then to Anita, and not reflected from the ice cover of Antarctica. This opened the door to a group of interpretations that include To say that this is only related to the nature of the ice itself in Antarctica, but some have indicated that this may be evidence of something else that lies beyond our imaginations.
At that point, a hypothesis comes in, topped by a research paper issued at about the same time. This hypothesis suggests that the universe as we know it is like a mirror image of another universe, and both universes started from the same point, which is the Big Bang.
To understand the matter, let us start from the model that is most acceptable to cosmology today, (it is called for short the “lambda-CDM” model, which assumes that our universe began from the Big Bang. A movie is being shown now, and we wanted to bring the scenes back for a period of about 13.8 billion years. This expansion will be reversed, so that we can reach a single point from which the entire universe begins.
We do not yet know much about this point, and we cannot monitor anything that happened during it or during the first four hundred years of the history of the universe, as it was dark and did not pass any light, and as soon as the first cosmic atoms were formed, the first photons of light were released, but we only assume their existence based on Lots of damning evidence.
We must clarify that the problem is not in the hypothesis that the results of Anita's experiments are related to the reversed universe, but rather in talking about that their results are confirmation or even an indication of the existence of this reversed universe, while at most it is just a guess, and even with our discovery of these particles it remains a guess, because they can It also refers to other things.
However, the hypothesis of the existence of a universe opposite to the one in which we live already exists, and even a research team from Oxford University had referred to a similar hypothesis several years ago, in a study published in the journal "Physics Letters" saying that the Big Bang was not, as we imagine it, the starting point. For both time and space, but it was the moment when the orientation of space changed.
Like its predecessor, this new model does not avoid the big bang, but rather continues its solutions directly through the big bang to what happened before it, and therefore does not introduce any new principles, nor does it introduce any modifications to Einstein's theory of general relativity that accurately explains the evolution of the universe, and builds itself only, Like the previous one, there is also a problem to be solved, this time it is called the Horizon Problem.
Where we know that very early in the history of the universe, the speed of cosmic expansion was greater than the speed of light, which means that there were elementary particles that appeared immediately after the Big Bang, but they never had the opportunity to meet each other, to understand that, imagine that we have a cup of hot water and a cup of water Cold We moved them away from each other as soon as they were formed, here one of them will remain cold and the other hot for a while, but when we leave them together for some time and then move them to the right and left, each of them will be at about the same temperature.
?Here the problem of the horizon appears, as the particles that quickly separated at the beginning of the universe are supposed to differ in their characteristics from each other, but the effect of this does not appear in the universe that we see in front of us, as it is homogeneous, its parts are similar to each other in all directions, here the main question appears: What made regions of the universe that have never been connected to each other so homogeneous
At that point, two ways to answer appear, the first is related to post-bang physics. This solution imagines that something happened in the first moments of the life of the universe, and caused this impossible connection. Perhaps the space itself was different from what we know now, and perhaps the speed of light was greater. As for the second way, it says that, as it seems, the big bang was not the beginning of time in the first place, but rather those particles possessed in some way the time before the big bang to mix with each other, and then the big bang came.
All these hypotheses did not appear out of thin air, but rather they are solutions to problems that already exist in the current models that explain the universe. Take, for example, that research paper that sparked controversy in the research community in the year 2017 AD when it indicated the possibility of another universe colliding with our universe at a very early stage in its history. The hypothesis of that paper relied on a region in the microwave background radiation that current models can only explain with an idea borrowed from the "bubble universes" hypothesis that came as a result of the eternal inflation hypothesis.
But these hypotheses about other universes face a fundamental problem, which is our ability to verify their validity empirically. The question of “Are there really other universes?” is difficult to answer in our current scientific situation, and we may never be able to answer it, but who knows we may do, all we need To him now is the continuation of work to develop more accurate tools and models more clear and acceptable for falsification so that we can through them perhaps one day to verify that idea.
Until that moment comes, we cannot deal with these models as reality on the ground. We are still in a land closer to imagination, but it is a fantasy worth contemplating and working on. Perhaps one day we will answer our most pressing questions: What is dark energy? And what is dark matter? What happened at the moment of the Big Bang itself? what time what is life
Source: websites