Sufi orders in Algeria.. between the spiritual movement and the social role
followers of sufi orders in algeria
Over the centuries, Sufi zawiyas in Algeria constituted a religious and spiritual reference dimension, and they played social, reformist and institutional roles, and they contributed mainly to preserving the Islamic religion and its Maliki school of thought, and they maintained a relationship that ranged between ebbs and flows with the Ottoman presence in Algeria.
The angles resisted all forms of Christianization that targeted the features of the national character on the part of the colonialists
The angles resisted all forms of Christianization that targeted the features of the national character by the colonialists, as the presence of the traditional religious institution was a historical and cultural legacy that had extensions outside the Algerian country, as the Sufi orders in Algeria were a pivotal station in the path of movement of people and commercial activity between the African depth and its north. Similar to the Tijaniya Zawiya, whose followers extend from the city of Ain Madi in the state of Laghouat in the south of the country, to countries on the southern borders such as Niger and Senegal.
In this article, "Alter Djazair" lists the names of some Sufi orders and orders in Algeria in their historical and not ideological dimensions, while highlighting their spiritual, political and resistance roles, with reference to their location and geographical spread.
The Rahmanian method
The Rahmanian angles appeared in Algeria at the beginning of the thirteenth century, at the hands of Sheikh Muhammad Abd al-Rahman al-Jarjari , relative to the mountains of Djerjura located in the Kabylie region. He resided for years in Sudan, where he learned the fundamentals of the science of Sufism and "the ranks of the righteous saints of God." He returned to his hometown in the village of Ath Ismail in the year 1763 AD, and established a corner there.
The Rahmani method attracted students from all parts of the country, and the Kabyle region was the center of gravity of the corner, and thanks to the return of these students to their hometown, the Rahmani method spread in many regions of the country, similar to the Hamel region in Bou Saada, the states of Laghouat and Ouargla, and the Tolqa region in Biskra. Algeria, as it is known today in northern Mali, Niger and some countries of the African coast. Among its notables and scholars are Sheikh Al-Maqrani, Sheikh Al-Haddad, Sheikh Al-Qasimi Al-Hamli, and the Dean of Al-Azam Mosque, Sheikh Muhammad Mamoun Al-Qasimi, President of the Rahmani League and President of the Sheikhdom of the Qasimiya Order.
Tijani method
The founder of the Tijani order is Sheikh Ahmed Tijani, born in 1737 in the city of Ain Madi in the state of Laghouat (400 km south of Algiers). He read the Qur’an and the sciences of the Arabic language at the hands of the sheikhs of the region, and at the age of twenty he moved to the Moroccan city of Persia, where he received education from the Sheikh. The Tayyibi Way, Sheikh Tayeb Al-Wazani, the origins of the method and the principles of Sufism.
He returned to Algeria and started spreading the principles of Sufism and identifying between the city of Tlemcen and the desert of Algeria, and settled in the Al-Abyad Sidi Sheikh area for a period of five years. Tut and Abi Simghun, located in the Wilayat al-Bayd, took him to the city of Fez after receiving harassment from the beys of Oran, and he remained in Fez until his death in 1815.
The Tijaniyya order constituted the epitome of the Rahmaniyyah method, and Ahmed al-Tijani combined the origins of the Shadhili, Tayyibi, and Nasserite orders. The Tijaniyya order spread in the city of Ain Madi and the rest of the state of Laghouat, desert cities and villages, and extended to the African Basin.
The Qadiri method
The Qadiriyyah method appeared at the hands of Sheikh Mustafa Al-Mukhtar Al-Gharisi around the year 1785/1786, and the home of the Zawiya was located in Wadi Al-Hamam near the city of Mascara, where Sheikh Mustafa Al-Mukhtari frequented the country of the Two Holy Mosques and the Iraqi city of Baghdad, and there he learned the principles and principles of the Qadiriyyah method at the hands of followers and followers. Sheikh Abdul Qadir Al-Jilani.
Sheikh Mustafa died after his return from the rituals of Hajj, and the affairs of the Qadiriyya order were taken over by Muhyi al-Din, the father of Prince Abdul Qadir, who in turn received education and teaching at the hands of his father, Sheikh Muhii al-Din. And the mobilization of jihad against the colonizer.
After Bay Oran handed over the city to the French, the followers of the Qadiriyya order, accompanied by the Darqawiyya order, resisted the French colonizers and refused to surrender and obey.
The thyroid method
The Darqawi method is attributed to Sheikh Muhammad al-Arabi al-Darqawi. It appeared during the years 1800/1806, and spread strongly in the wake of the weakness of the Ottoman rule in Algeria. In the rugged areas, and the Al-Wanchris region was the residence and spread of their disciples, and among their leaders was Abdul Qadir Al-Sharif.
Hanbali method
The founders of the Hansali method, Yusuf al-Hansali, spread in the outskirts of the city of Constantine, and some of the sciences of Sufism branch out from the origins of the Shadhili, Rahmani, and Khalutiyya method, and it was stated in history books that the Hansali method coincided with the period of Salih Bey’s rule, and the relationship was not friendly between the rulers of the Ottomans and the followers of the method, and among its scholars, Sheikh Ahmed Al-Mubarak, known as the "Attar" family, and Sheikh Ahmed Al-Zawawi, who led a revolution against Saleh Bey.
Sufi orders in Algeria played a prominent role in religious, spiritual and even political life
The Sufi orders in Algeria played a prominent role in religious, spiritual and even political life, and the periods of Sufi presence in Algeria were distributed between jihad, science and work, but their presence in some of their stages was associated with superstition, deception and deferment.
Source : websites