King Merneptah
Merneptah is the fourth king of the Nineteenth Dynasty. He is the son of King Ramesses II from his second wife, Est-Nefret, and he is the thirteenth king among Ramesses’ sons, as all of his older brothers died during their father’s lifetime.
Merneptah carried out several military campaigns during his rule. In the fifth year of his rule, he launched a campaign against the Libyans for helping the Sea Peoples invade Egypt from the west, and he defeated them.
Merneptah was old when he assumed power, as he was about sixty or seventy years old. He moved the capital from Bar Messis, the capital of Egypt during the reign of his father, to Memphis, where he built a royal palace next to the Temple of Ptah. This palace was discovered in 1915 AD by the American University of Pennsylvania Museum expedition.
Merneptah obtained most of the stones he needed for his facilities by stealing stones from other buildings. He used the back of a stone monument erected by Amenhotep III to record the news of one of the major crises that happened to him during his rule. The peoples of the islands of the eastern and northeastern Mediterranean were expelled from their homes in At the time of the Trojan War, the Trojans were riding the sea searching for robbery or a place to settle, and Merneptah repelled their attempt to invade the northeastern Delta in the fifth year of his reign.
This painting was discovered in 1896 by the English Egyptologist Flinders Petrie in the funerary temple of Merneptah and is considered the first of its kind in ancient Egyptian history.
The height of the painting was 310 centimeters, its width was 160 centimeters, and its thickness was 32 centimetres. It was the basis of the Temple of the Dead of Amenophis III of the Eighteenth Dynasty. On its back was written a report on the constructions carried out by the king in western Thebes, in Soleb, Luxor, and Karnak. During the Amarna era, part of the formula carved on it was removed, and Pharaoh Setos I of the Nineteenth Dynasty used it after restoration as a memorial plaque for the god Amun. On its front and back there is a double drawing in which the god Amun-Ra appears standing in the middle, and in the half of the picture to the right, King Amenophis III offers cold water (ugly) and wine (yerb) to Amun-Ra, followed by the god Khenes. In the other half of the picture to the left, Merneptah is seen receiving the curved sword “Shebesh” from Amun Ra, followed by the god Mut. In writing about this scene, Amun Ra says:
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