Nabu, god of wisdom and learning
Nabu (sometimes known as Tutu) was the god of wisdom, learning, prophecy, scribes, and writing and was also responsible for abundant harvests and all things growing. His name means “broadcaster” which refers to his prophetic and creative power of summoning words, harvest and other plant life, and visions of prophecies. His wife was Tsmit (also known as Tsmitu) and, later, Nanaya who was originally the divine consort of the Sumerian god Mewati who became synonymous with Nabu.
Nabu itself developed from the earlier Sumerian goddess of writing and arithmetic, Nisaba (also known as ) (which attests to the Early Dynastic Period BC). Sumerian hymns and other compositions that concluded with the ritual phrase “Praise be to a quorum!” It became a model for later Babylonian works that end with the phrase “Praise be to Nabu!” From these early Sumerian origins, Nabu became increasingly popular during the Old Babylonian period (BC) and especially during the reign of King Hammurabi (BC).
When male gods were generally elevated in Mesopotamia at the expense of older gods. In some myths, Nisaba was Nabu's wife and divine assistant in keeping records and maintaining the library of the gods (much in the same way that the goddess Seshat worked with Thoth in Egypt). Originally considered a minister and scribe to the god Marduk, following the Kassite period (ca. BC), Nabu was regularly depicted as the son of Marduk and almost his equal in power.
His symbol was a wedge-shaped cuneiform mark or pen on a writing tablet, but he was also depicted as a bearded man in royal garb, holding a pen, standing on the back of a dragon serpent (known as the dragon, a powerful protective spirit associated with Marduk and other gods listed in Pictures on Ishtar Gate). Nabu was honored as the son of Marduk, king of the gods and patron of Babylon, and grandson of Enki (also known as Ea), the god of wisdom.
Nabu was, after Marduk, the most important god among the Babylonians, and he was so popular that the Assyrians adopted him and he was known as the son of their god Assyria. Even after the fall of the Assyrian Empire in BC, the worship of Nabu—unlike many other Assyrian gods—continued until at least the 2nd century AD. The center of his worship was at Borsippa, near Babylon, and among his many important duties was to travel to the latter city to visit his father during the Akitu festival marking the beginning of the new year.
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