Osman bin Ertugrul..father of kings and founder of the last Islamic empires
When the horses of Hulagu stormed Baghdad on the morning of the eighth of Safar 656 AH, spreading brutal death in the city of peace, and the capital of the Islamic Caliphate; A cry of birth was beginning on another bank of the banks of the days, specifically in the city of Scud. After that, the young child became the father of kings and the founder of the Turkish Sultan of Glory, and the laying of the foundation stone for one of the largest and largest empires in the history of Muslims.
The names of Sultan Osman bin Ertugrul bin Suleiman Al-Qayawi Al-Turkmani, according to the gradual Turkish dialects for centuries, are many, but they all agree that Othman Khan, Ghazi Osman, Osman Bey or Qara Osman, is one of the greatest names that shone in the sky of ancient Turkey, and is still a guiding light. Illuminate the history of Islam in the land of the Bosphorus.
The Fatwa of Othman.. Rise in the last days of the Seljuk state
In the Qayi tribe, Othman was born to his father, the sheikh of the Muslim clan known for the depth of its Islamic traditions, its mystical spirit, and its fervent combativeness. She was nothing but a Turkmen lady, full of faith in her religion and complete loyalty to her husband and her narrow community, according to the authentic Turkmen traditions.
Soon Othman grew out of the ring, took over the leadership of the tribe, then occupied the position of his father as an agent of the Seljuk Sultanate, and began, in the name of the Seljuk Sultan, to open fortresses sprawling on the coast of the Marmara Sea and the Black Sea, which gave him strength and a great extension of the control of his tribe. Extensive Turkish beaches present.
And because the Seljuk Sultanate was in its last breath of rule, the Mongols did not find any difficulty in devouring it, to join the scorched land in which the Tatar battalions had swarmed in the Islamic East. It expanded in the horizons of geography to combine the Balkans, the Arab and Islamic Mashreq, and North Africa, making large Turkey a stable and a cornerstone of the caliphate known as the Ottoman after its founder.
The city of Bursa was the last stronghold to be reached by the Ottoman conquest (in the era of Othman). His son Orkhan was able to destroy the steadfastness of this highly symbolic city, so its doors opened before the Ottomans in the year 1326 AD, and in that same year, the disease began to devour the body of Osman I, who was not accustomed to A life of luxury, and he lived an equestrian life and continuous religious asceticism, before handing over the soul to its creator in the same year, to deposit his body after that in the riches of Bursa, and from that day it turned into a very important symbol in the history of the Ottomans, who continued the conquests and smashing the doors of the fortified countries.
Osman bin Ertugrul, who subjugated the emperors of Europe and established the largest Islamic empire in Anatolia and its surroundings
Between birth and death, Uthman lived a story of a life full of heroism, mysticism, and conflict. His grandchildren and followers after him did not want this life to be ordinary, so they mixed it with flavors of strange stories, tales and mirrors that made him an exceptional human being whose fates wanted him to be the fabric of unity.
And because the history of Othman I was written at least a century after his departure, and in the hands of historians from the Sultanate’s court, the basic information about his lineage, and about important stations in his life, were sometimes conflicting, and we review some of them based on some sources, including Wikipedia, Anatolia Agency and others.
"The Founder Othman"...Likes of history in books and drama
The Turkish historical drama series "The Founder Osman" is a continuation of the "Resurrection Ertugrul" series, and presents the story of the "Kayi" tribes and their migrations, up to the establishment of the Ottoman Empire in the thirteenth century.
In addition, the biography of this historical hero dealt with books, the most prominent of which are the book “Destan and the History of the Kings of the Othman” by Ahmed bin Khidr Taj Al-Din, known as Ahmadi, and the book “Bahjhat Al-Tawarikh” by the famous Turkish historian Shukrallah bin Imam Shihab Al-Din Ahmed. Among the books that It also expanded on the history of Othman I and its translation, the book "The History of the Othman family" by the famous historian Darwish Ahmed Ashiq Pasha, and several details about the man's life were also mentioned in a book bearing the same title as its predecessor, by Imam Ahmed bin Suleiman bin Kamal Pasha al-Hanafi.
This book mentions that Osman was the last of the group of Ertugrul's sons, and that his birth was an important event in the bats of the Kayi tribe, where he was born on a brightly lit moonlit night, and that he was raised in the upbringing of knights, and was skilled in archery, fencing and hunting with eagles, in addition to a spirit of mysticism created in His fatwa, and accompanied him until his death, he rested his knees for education on the knees of his Sheikh Adeeb Ali, or "Edeh Bali" as in the Turkish sources, then the relationship between them was further strengthened when Sheikh Eddah Bali married his student Othman his daughter, and that in the end, after she fluttered around the soul A strange dream inspired the sheikh that his student would be a source of supernatural power, and that his descendants and his rule would extend to wide parts of the world.
The struggle for the throne... deadly arrows, alienation, and the appointment of a sultan
The historical sources that talk about the lineage of Othman I are numerous. Some see him as the grandson of Suleiman bin Qutlamesh, the conqueror of Anatolia and the first founder of the famous Seljuk state, while other sources say that Othman I is another grandson of Suleiman, who is nothing but a nominator of the founder of the Seljuks. Regardless of the likelihood of one of the two possibilities, the Seljuk legacy paper was strongly present in the foundation of the Ottoman narrative, which presented its sultans as the legitimate successors of the Seljuks.
Ghazi Osman was aware of the changes around him and the strengths and weaknesses experienced by the Qayi tribe principality, and his first steps were to engage in competitive conflicts with a number of princes and leaders from his relatives, until he removed them from his way, and among those mentioned in this regard is his uncle Prince Dundar Ghazi, who was supported by the sheikhs And the notables of the tribe, while the youth, knights and warriors had joined for a while under the banner of Osman I, and began to conduct a guerrilla war against the Byzantine state, and this novel ends the conflict with a deadly arrow launched by Othman, and settled in the body of his uncle Dundar, thus emerging from a bloody competition for the throne of Artegrel.
Another narration indicates that Othman I came out against the power and authority of his younger uncle, Prince Kunduz Alp, and began conducting his attacks on the Byzantines without the permission of his uncle, the leader of the tribe, which angered the Emir of Bursa Takfur, so he sought the help of the Seljuk Sultan Alaeddin Keybad, who brought Othman to Konya, and this was The forced removal of Ghazi Othman from his tribe’s rackets is an opportunity to strengthen his relationship with the Sultan, who was apparently impressed by the courageous news he reached, Othman’s rescue, and his repeated attacks on the forts and interests of the Byzantines. Between Sultan Alaeddin and the invader Osman, who returned crowned by a sultan's decision, the Emir of the Kayi tribe.
Love and vision.. the story of the dream that founded the Ottoman tree
The Ottomans surround their state and history with a great spiritual aura, and they always present to all the defining stages of its life stories, events and hypocrisy deeply symbolic, determined to break the veils of the unseen, and to show the permanent divine support for the Othman family.
One of the accounts says that Othman, who was worshiping in the shrine of his sheikh Edda Bali, divided his heart between the love of hymns and verses, and the love of his sheikh’s daughter, the girl Mal Khatun, and because the Sheikh was not yet sure of his student’s possession of the secrets, values and mystical conscience, he refused to marry her to him, and although the student At that time (Othman) was silent in front of his sheikh's refusal to marry his daughter to him, as he continued his insistence that Khatun's money be his share.
At a later stage, the unseen will intervene through the famous vision to open the heart of the Sheikh to his student; One of the narrations that is frequently mentioned in the books and literature of the Ottoman Empire says that the invader Othman saw the moon rising from the chest of his sheikh, then it settled in the sky, and descended down until it settled in the chest of the student (Othman), and a huge tree emerged from his loins that expanded until it covered the earth with its shadow, and it rose Under its shade were three mountains, then flowed under it the four rivers, the Nile, the Tigris, the Euphrates, and the Danube, then the leaves of this great tree rose swords and spears swayed by the wind towards Constantinople. Behind these boys stretched on every rug, on the banks of rivers, and between canals and bays, they fill the land with agriculture, industry, work and toil, and multiply under the shade of good things, without stopping the blond boys from chanting and chanting loyalty to the Sultan.
An article in the Anatolia Agency indicates that some attribute this dream to Ertugrul, but the correct one - according to her - was indicated by historical references that it belongs to Osman.
In fact, Sheikh Eddeh Bali, who served as the spiritual leadership of the state, was optimistic about this vision and passed it on to Othman that his descendants would own the land. Then, under the glamor of the vision, his reluctance to marry his daughter to the invader Othman was shattered after he extended the rug of advice in his hands and gave him what a good ruler should have. The just prince.
The Siege of Bursa... The Characteristics of the Leader Who Dispersed the Byzantine Armies
Historians stopped at many of the qualities and characteristics that distinguished the invader Othman, and among the most prominent of those characteristics mentioned by historians and authors about him:
Courage and help: He fought fierce wars at the beginning of his rule, indicating the depth of his courage and the consolidation of his help and his fatherhood, when the allied Byzantine armies scattered in order to annihilate his emerging state, to turn from a wanted target to a leader with whom the Europeans set an example of steadfastness and courage.
Graduality and wisdom: Osman I, with his wisdom and skill, was able to absorb a number of princes and knights of his tribe, neutralize his opponents and enemies, and managed a flexible and special relationship with the Seljuk Sultan, to achieve together qualitative victories over the Byzantines that enabled them to seize important fortresses from the Byzantine state.
Loyalty to the principle: Loyalty to the Islamic principle, devotion to the faith, and the depth of belonging to the spirit of the Qayi tribe and its deep human values, was an element that paved the way for Othman’s authority in the souls and hearts and the conscience of public opinion in his surroundings and region, and opened the doors of hearts for him before the forts, and Osman groups of Mujahideen joined the regions The border with the Romans, and from the Sufi forces that were active in that period, because they saw in it the pride, insistence and loyalty to Islam.
Patience and long anchorage: Othman I stripped ten years of his life in the siege of the city of Bursa of great political and strategic importance. The city he besieged for ten years.
With the death of Osman bin Artgrel in the year 1326 AD, Sultan Al-Ghazi concluded his life path, which lasted about seven decades, after the disease of gout had killed his limbs that were accustomed to carrying weapons, fighting, equestrianism and patience over the difficulties of asceticism and worship. A vast area of land and immortal materials of time, and the values and traditions of governance that are still in many of their details a model for great governance.
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