? How does a spacecraft work until it reaches its destination
How does the spacecraft operate until it reaches its destination successfully, traveling a thousand kilometers since its launch from the surface of the Earth to space, what is the speed of the spacecraft, what are the types of spacecraft, what are the components of spacecraft, what is the power and capacity of the spacecraft, and how does the design of the spacecraft maintain the safety of the crew of
? the spacecraft from Astronauts ? And the price of space travel
Starship :
The spacecraft is one of the strong evidence of the technological progress of man. Through spacecraft, man has become able to travel in the vast space, after his dream in the early past centuries was to obtain a means of transportation that would enable him to travel a few kilometers on Earth. A spacecraft is a vehicle or a machine. Designed to fly in outer space. There are many specific objectives for it of different types and composition.
: Starship
Spacecraft have a major role in space exploration. Through those trips, many secrets of space, its components, galaxies and planetary features were discovered, and thus data and information about our vast planet developed and increased.
A spacecraft is a vehicle usually inhabited by one or more astronauts and capable of reaching outer space, carried on a powerful rocket that takes off from ground stations to space.
A spacecraft is a vehicle that can transport people and equipment beyond the Earth's atmosphere through space to other planets if possible or to space stations or orbits and back to Earth again.
There are different forms of spacecraft propulsion but most spacecraft are propelled by rocket engines that release high-temperature gases in the opposite direction of launch. Spacecraft that do not need to separate may use ion thrusters or other more efficient methods.
Because of the very large amount of energy needed to move against Earth's gravity, spacecraft are usually very expensive to build, launch and operate.
: Types of spacecraft
Manned spacecraft:
They are the spacecraft that transport astronauts to outer space, and therefore they must contain the basic life support and they come in two types, space vehicles that are used more than once such as the space shuttle, or space vehicles that are used only once.
: Orbital spacecraft
Orbital space vehicles are vehicles whose mission is to travel to distant planets or enter the orbit of a moon, and therefore must contain a large thrust to work to slow them in time and enter into orbit with high technology, and be able to withstand the large difference in temperatures and the ability to Energy storage in the absence of sunlight from solar panels.
: Atmospheric probe
Atmospheric probe is a small spacecraft that is connected with the mother spacecraft and can separate from it when approaching the gaseous atmosphere of any planet in order to study the gaseous atmosphere of the planet, and therefore it must be equipped with a parachute to help it land, and an air cover to help it enter the atmosphere
: Characteristics and components of the spacecraft
There are a number of qualities that must be available in a vehicle or manned spaceship in order to maintain the survival of the crew of the vehicle, and the most important of these qualities are:
: Living and breathing systems
The spacecraft designated to transport a group of astronauts abroad must be equipped with life support systems and maintain the safety of the spacecraft crew, and one of its most important functions is to remove carbon dioxide and reduce the humidity inside the vehicle as much as possible to maintain the indoor air breathable.
: Proper payment systems
The spacecraft must be able to maintain an accurate flight path in order to ensure the return of the vehicle to Earth, as the service unit in the spacecraft contains 33 engines of different sizes and the main engine has great capabilities to turn around the moon and return to Earth orbit, and the rest of the engines direct The vehicle is heading in the right direction.
: The ability to repel heat
The spacecraft must be designed so that it can withstand heat, not be subjected to corrosion, and work to repel the high temperatures caused by sunlight falling on the craft, and to keep the crew indoors at reasonable temperatures. Thirty times the speed of sound, so the temperature will be twice as hot as molten lava, or half the temperature of the sun.
: Radiation protection
When the spacecraft moves from Earth to outer space, it becomes exposed to various radiations that arise from charged particles and solar storms that cause disturbances to sensitive computers, avionics and the rest of the vehicle’s equipment, in addition to exposing the crew to danger when exposed to radiation for long periods of time to long-term cancer Therefore, the vehicle must be equipped with systems that repel these radiations and reduce their danger as much as possible.
: Continuous connectivity, navigation and light weight
Navigation system: It is also called the position and orbit control device, and it is one of the most important parts for the vehicle to maintain its balance and stability, and through this system the vehicle can control its intended destination, in addition to maintaining the orientation of the solar panels towards the sun all the time, and inside this system there are eyes Sensors that can sense the position of the sun and stars and thus direct the vehicle in its appropriate direction.
Through it, it is also possible to maintain, as much as possible, the communication of the spacecraft with the Earth's systems to work on transmitting the information obtained by the astronauts, in addition to working to direct the spacecraft in the event that its basic systems fail to work.
And work to use the equipment provided by the vehicle to transmit images and information with high accuracy. The spacecraft must also have solidity and durability to resist any external accident, in addition to being light in weight so that it can escape from the earth’s pull if encountered. Therefore, spacecraft are made of aluminum; Because it is one of the strong and durable elements in addition to its light weight.
: space shuttle
The space shuttle is also considered a space shuttle. The space shuttle carries with it satellites and equipment, and the shuttle can transport a payload into space weighing 32 tons. One of the most important features of this vehicle is that it is partially reusable. The space shuttle is a vehicle consisting of three main sections, the manned vehicle that It floats in space and is called a shuttle, an external liquid fuel tank, and two propulsion rockets.
Starship
The shuttle starts taking off vertically like a conventional rocket, then the two solid-fuel rockets are separated after the fuel runs out, and the shuttle continues to climb with its thrust with the help of the external fuel tank until the spacecraft alone reaches outer space and the empty tank separates and falls into the ocean, after its spin around the Earth To gain an escape velocity from Earth's gravity, which is estimated at 11.93 kilometers per second, and after the shuttle completes its mission, it returns again to Earth and descends according to a landing process with a specific path in which it continues descending, then ascending, and then descending in order to reduce the temperature of the thermal insulation and reduce the speed. In the final stage of landing, the shuttle follows the gliding landing system, as there is no engine in the shuttle until it is docked on the ground. The space shuttle is distinguished by its ability to make more than one flight.
The space shuttle can ferry satellites and other vehicles in the spacecraft's cargo compartment for deployment into space, and it can also rendezvous with an orbiting spacecraft to provide astronauts with the services they need, resupply, board, or take back to Earth. The spacecraft could serve as a space platform for experiments and serve as an observatory of Earth and cosmic objects for up to about two weeks.
Spacecraft history:
Vostok 1 was the first spacecraft and the first manned spacecraft in history. The first manned space flight took place on April 12, 1961, when Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin orbited the Earth in the spacecraft Vostok 1 in a flight of 108 minutes, thus Yuri Gagarin became the first A person crossing into outer space
While the first manned flight to the moon was on December 21, 1968, when the United States launched the Apollo 8 spacecraft, which orbited the moon eight times and then returned to Earth after completing its mission successfully, and on July 20, 1969, American astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin Jr. landed with their Apollo 11 spacecraft on The surface of the moon, where Armstrong became the first person to set foot on the surface of the moon.
During the 1970s, cosmonauts developed various skills for survival in space aboard the Skylab and Salyut space stations, and in 1987 and 1988 two Soviet cosmonauts orbited for 366 consecutive days on a spacecraft.
: Spacecraft components
: Most spacecraft consist of the same parts
Solar panels that convert solar energy into electrical energy to power the vehicle to perform its functions.
Fuel tanks to drive the spacecraft are usually in the form of mini nuclear reactors.
Cameras for monitoring and surveillance, which are high-quality computers equipped with many smart software.
Tools for receiving and sending data and information to ensure that the vehicle remains in constant contact with the ground.
The engine through which spacecraft launch to carry out its missions,
: the most important of which are
: chemical engine
It was first used in 1980 and is the fastest chemical rocket ever built with an engine to launch satellites.
: Plasma pulse motor
It was first used in 1957 and is believed to be the fastest propulsion system scientists have built so far.
As well as the fusion engine, which is very similar to those engines used in ordinary missiles with greater power.
: Some space accidents
: Apollo 1 - 1967
The first fatal accident in the history of American spaceflight occurred on January 27, 1967, while preparing for the first manned mission of the Apollo space program, as a fire broke out in the command module of Apollo 204 during a launch simulator at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, killing three of the passengers. Astronauts .
: Soyuz 1 - 1967
Just three months after the Apollo 1 fire, Russian cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov became the first fatality in space flight when Soyuz 1, the first Soviet spacecraft intended to reach the moon, crashed to Earth on April 24, 1967.
: Soyuz 11 - 1971
The Russians launched the world's first space station, Salyut-1, in April 1971, and in June, three astronauts aboard Soyuz 11 spent three weeks conducting experiments and recording observations on the space station. Upon its return flight on June 30, the spacecraft returned normally and landed automatically without problems. But when the ground team opened the hatch of the craft, they found that the three astronauts were unresponsive.
It appears that a faulty air vent has opened and the cabin has lost air pressure inside and it is possible that the astronauts, none of whom were wearing spacesuits, suffocated to death 30 minutes before landing.
space suit price
Of course, due to the harsh and changing geographical and climatic factors in space, you must wear a special space suit, which costs about 11 million dollars.
: Space travel price
Russia has priced the price of one seat inside the spacecraft, at a value of 75 million dollars, and this price is agreed upon between NASA and Russia.
As for private companies such as "Space X" and "Boeing", they have announced the possibility of sending private flights to space, and the cost of one seat is expected to be approximately $58 million.
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