?What did the Amazigh bourgeois do.. and why was their state distorted in Islamic history books
The Amazigh state of Barghawata is the first state to emerge in North Africa after the Great Amazigh Revolution against the Umayyads in North Africa, which ended with the defeat of the Umayyads and expelling them all from North Africa as a whole because of their tyranny and forcing them in the name of Islam.
According to historical references, the Amazigh state of Barghawata originated in the Tamesna region, which is a Amazigh word meaning the flat plain, which is the region currently known as “Doukkala, Chaouia and Zemmour” in central Morocco, between the Bouregreg River and the Oum Errabia River, in the year 744 AD, to extend its rule to about four centuries from time.
?What did the Amazigh bourgeois do
The Berghawats established the first independent Amazigh state after expelling the Umayyads from North Africa
Barghawata was the most powerful state of its time in the Far Maghreb. The city of Azemmour was its capital at the beginning, then in advanced stages they took Chellah and then Safi as their capital. They also established the port of Asfi and made it a center for trade exchange with European countries.
The state of Barghawata was the first country to adopt the Berber language as an official language, the language of government and communication with the Amazigh population, and in the performance of religious rituals, and it constantly sent missions and ambassadors to neighboring countries.
The history of this Amazigh state today involves a lot of ambiguity related to the circumstances of its establishment and its founder, as well as the local religion that it adopted, which is a mixture of doctrines and the spirit of different religions and some of the local customs.
The reason for the rejection of the Barghawati from the books of Arab and Islamic history
Before the establishment of the Barghawata state, the Barghawata leaders led the Great Amazigh Revolution against the Umayyads in North Africa in the year 123 AH, which ended with a humiliating defeat for the Umayyad army, the expulsion of all Umayyad leaders from Africa, and the establishment of the first Amazigh state independent of the Umayyad Caliphate.
This was the reason for banishing the Barghawata state from Islamic history books and trying to distort the biography of the Barghawata.
In addition to the reliance of the Amazigh bourgeois in the performance of prayers and condemnation and in religious rituals and their strong tendency to independence from the Umayyad Caliphate in the East.
4 reasons why the Barghawatin were rejected in Arab and Islamic history books
The participation of the Boghwati in leading the revolution against the Arab Umayyads and expelling them from North Africa
The establishment of the first state politically and linguistically independent of the Umayyad Caliphate in the East
The adoption of Amazigh in religious prayers and rituals
Blow up the myth of the necessity of the sacred Qurayshi lineage to assume power
The Barghawati Amazighs, along with other Amazigh tribes such as Zenata, Ghumara, and Meknesa, launched the Great Amazigh Revolution against the Umayyad tyrants in 739, where the Umayyad leaders imposed tribute and forcibly cursed women despite the conversion of all Amazighs to Islam! He made sure to the Amazigh leaders that the goal of the Umayyads in North Africa was tyranny in governance and the collection of spoils and slave girls, nothing else.
The Kharijite Sufi preachers supported the Amazigh revolution against the Umayyads, an Islamic sect that adopted a doctrine representing complete equality in opposing Umayyad tyranny in government and rejecting Umayyad intolerance to the Qurayshi lineage as a prerequisite for monopolizing power.
The Amazigh revolutionaries elected the leader, Maysara al-Matghari, to lead their revolt against the Umayyads, and succeeded in taking control of almost all of what is now called the Maghreb, inspiring more revolts and rebellions in Andalusia.
In the year 741, the Amazigh rebels fought the Battle of Bagdoura, against the Umayyads, and destroyed the Umayyad army that was sent by the Umayyad caliph Hisham bin Abd al-Malik from the Levant.
The Barghawata Amazighs before the founding of their state, as the instigators of the Great Amazigh Revolt against the Umayyads, were displeased with the attempt made by later followers, especially some leaders of the Zanata tribes, to call for appeasement to quell the rebellion.
After the success of the revolt, and because their primary objective—the liberation of their people from Umayyad rule—had already been achieved, and there was little prospect of it ever being reimposed, the Barghawata saw little benefit in continuing the military campaigns.
In the year 744, the Barghawata withdrew from the rebel alliance, and retreated to the Tamesna region, on the Atlantic coast of Morocco, where they established their new independent state, the Barghawata state, which is the first Amazigh state completely independent of the Umayyad Caliphate in the East.
?Who is the founder of the Barghawata state
Barghawata The founder of the Barghawata state is the Amazigh leader Saleh bin Tarif al-Zemmouri, who was born around the year 718 AD and grew up in the country of Tamesna (Doukkala and Chaouia now), and he was influenced by the Sifarian Kharijites, and the independence conflicts that spread with the spread of the Kharijites in Morocco made him take an extremist and independent approach to Islam.
So he told his Amazigh people in the Tamesna region that he was a prophet sent to them in their language. And he invoked a verse in the Qur’an, “And We did not send a messenger except with the language of his people, to make it clear to them...”, and he mentioned to them that Muhammad is a prophet of truth, an Arab of the tongue, sent to his people and to the Arabs in particular.
So Saleh translated the Qur’an into Tamazight. And he reminded his people that he is mentioned in the Qur’an of Muslims in the verse “And if they join forces against him, then God is his protector, and Gabriel and the righteous of the believers, and the angels after that support.”
Historians mention that Maysara wrote a letter for him to the people of Tamesna and his people from Zanata, recommending it to them and describing the virtue of Saleh bin Tarif and his work. He left four children. Then his son Saleh took over. Ibn Hawqal and Al-Nasiri narrated that Saleh bin Tarif traveled to the East and read to Ubaid Allah Al-Mu'tazili, studied astronomy and astrology, and dabbled in magic and collected arts from it, before returning to his people and establishing the Barghawata state.
?Who are the rulers of the Barghawata state
The Barghawata Amazighs ruled the Tamesna region for more than three centuries (744-1058). The state began under the rule of Salih ibn Tarif, then his son Elias ibn Salih (792-842), then his successor Yunus ibn Elias (842-888), then Abu Ghufail (888-913), then Abu al-Ansar (917-961), then Abu Mansur Issa (961). - 1012) (source)
All the Tamsna tribes were unified under the rule of the Barghawata state, and they established a strong army that prevented the fall of their state until the emergence of the Amazigh Almoravids led by the Amazigh leader Yusuf bin Tashfin.
The mysterious state religion of Barghawata
The bourgeoisie were practicing their religious rites in the Amazighs
The Barghawata tribes adopted a different religion enacted by Saleh Ibn Tarif, and in the second part of the book “The Complete History of Morocco” in this regard is mentioned what is said about Saleh bin Tarif that “he claimed prophethood” and that he wrote a Qur’an in the Amazigh language, and fragments of it are still in the British Museum to this day, as well He specified times for fasting, permitted prayer in the Amazigh language, and that call to prayer in the Amazigh language, and prohibited skipping the blood shed on the ground and forbade eating some foods, such as the old rooster, and initiated the rituals of lighting fire and blessing with water on Ashura or what is called today among the common people today "Zamzam" .
We also find this information in detail in the book “Al-Maghrib fi Dhikr al-Afriqiyah wa al-Maghrib,” and what is indicated by what Ibn Tarif has written regarding the fasting of Rajab and the breaking of the fast in Ramadan. He also enacted a different method of ablution, and the performance of some prayers during the day and at night, and some of those prayers were done with gestures without suju’, and some of them were similar to the prayers of Muslims.
. The research "Again on the Barghawata of the Heretics of Morocco in the Islamic Era" refers to what Salih Ibn Tarif claimed that another Qur'an was revealed to him and he used to recite verses from it in the Amazigh language, claiming that they were from God's revelation to him.
Bograwata end
The Barghawata state ended at the hands of the Amazigh Almoravids four centuries after its establishment. The Barghawati reappeared during the reign of the Amazigh Almohads by leading revolutions against them, during the reign of the Almohad caliph Abd al-Mu'min ibn Ali, who confronted those revolutions and finally eliminated every trace of the Barghawati.
Before that, the Amazigh state of Boghrwata fought fierce wars and battles against foreign interference, and it repelled two attacks by the Umayyads at the beginning of its founding, in addition to the attacks launched by the Fatimids.
An intense guerrilla war also broke out with the Bani Ifran in the eleventh century, which greatly weakened the Barghawata, but it remained able to repel the Almoravid attacks. The spiritual leader of the Almoravid, Abdullah bin Yasin, fell in a battle against the Barghawata in the year 1058.
In the year 1149, the Amazigh Almohads were able to completely eliminate the political and religious power of Barghawata.
The Amazigh Almohads extended their rule over all of Morocco and Andalusia.
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