Sanhaja tribes or Sanhaja people
*The Sanhaja tribes or the Sanhaja people - the largest tribe of Berber origin in North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Mauritania, and the Eastern and Western Sahara):
Written by the researcher.. Al-Hassan Aaba.
The Sanhaja are considered one of the largest indigenous Amazigh tribes in North Africa, and some consider them a people due to their size and their wide spread in North Africa, whether in the coast or the desert, including the urban and the Bedouins, and their lineage goes back to Zanagh bin Prince bin Mazigh.
*Etymology:
The word Sanhaja is derived from the name of their grandfather (Znag), and because of the phenomenon of adding and substituting letters in the Libyan language, the pronunciation of the word changed to (Sanak), and the Arabs and Arabs added the letter Ha and it became pronounced (Sanhaj), as Ibn Khaldun says, vol. 6, p. 201 (and as for mentioning their lineage, they are from “Sanhaj” was born and it is “Sanak” with the “Sad” in the “Za” and “Kaf” close to the “G”. However, the Arabs Arabized it and added a “ha” in it between the “Nun” and the “Alif”, so it became “Sanhaj.”)
Sanhaja tribes
Ibn Khaldun says, vol. 6, p. 202
(As for the clans of Sanhaja, they are many, among them are: (Balkana [Malakana / Talkatha], Anjafa, Sharta, Lamtouna, Masufa, Kadala, Mandelasih [Mandila], Banu Warat, Banu Yatin [and Banu Yatisin], and from the Anjafa clans are Banu Mazawat [Banu Mazurat], Banu Tahlib [Banu Salib], Fashtalah, and Mulaqa [ And colorful].
Thus, some Amazigh genealogists almost quoted in their books, and other Amazigh historians mentioned that their bellies reach seventy bellies. He adds (the kingship in Sanhaja was in two layers, the first layer was for the kings of Africa and Andalusia, and the second was for the kingship of the kings of Africa and Andalusia, and the second was for a group of masked kings of Morocco called the Almoravid).
1. Bejaia: The name of the Sanhaji tribe.
2. Zaghawa: one of the masked tribes in the desert.
3. Gddala: one of the masked tribes in the desert.
4. Lamtuna: The largest of the masked tribes in the desert. They converted to Islam after the conquest of Andalusia, and they had leadership and a huge king was entrusted to them. They led many tribes to convert to Islam, and they founded the city of Marrakes in the year 445 and founded the Almoravid state, and among them were the Banu Wartang, the Banu Zamal, the Banu Sulan, and the Banu Nasja. .
5. Battouia: Battouia, its affiliation name is Abtiou, Battoui: Branches from it are the clans of Beni and Riaghel near Mezza (Al Hoceima) and the strength of their western neighbors, and the Sons of Ali in Tfarset, and there is a clan of them joined to the Sons of Bouaziz bearing the name Battouia, and there is also a tribe and village bearing the name Battouia as well. Near the city of Arzew, Oran Prefecture, in the country of Numidia.
6. Targa: Their name means Al-Sakia, in reference to an area in the desert in which they lived, known by this name. They are one of the masked tribes in the desert, and the reference to them is Tarqi, plural of Toareg, and the name is an oriental plural of Touareg. They have a famous neighborhood in Rabat, adjacent to the royal palace, in which no people lived. Not one of them.
7. Talkatah: The Banu Talkat bin Kart are found in the islands, and among their descendants are the Banu Manad, the kings of Sanhaja, whom one should beware of (Banu Ziri and Banu Hammad).
8. Jazoula / Gazzula / gzzula: Corrupted from the word (gzzul), meaning the short ones. She lives near Souss, in the center of Algeria, and to them Mount Akrol is attributed.
9. #Bani_Jaad: They are located near Bouira and Ain Bassam, south of the city of Algiers.
10. Bani_Hamid: Part of them is part of the Yusr al-Gharbi tribe (Douar Yusr al-Waidan), east of the city of Algiers.
11. Beni Khalil: They are known today as Beni Khalili, their homes are between Bejaia and Tizi Ouzou.
12. Beni_Darkun/ drgun: also pronounced Drakul. They include a settled part in the district of Zemora near Relizane in Numidia, and groups included in some of the other Sanhaji tribes in the Far North of Morocco.
13. Bani Zarwal: Among them is a part settled on the enemy of Wadi Wargha, north of Fez, and a group that is integrated into the tribe of the people of Settin near El Bayadh in the desert. It is believed that Bani Zerwal are a distortion of Bani Zerwal.
14. Lamdia: Some write it Medea and Medea, and there is a city known by their name 91 km south of the city of Algiers.
15 Lamta: The Sanhaja brothers, some of whom began to claim the lineage of the Banu Hassan from the Arabs of Maqal, and to them are attributed the jurist Wakak ibn Zulu, the companion of Abu Imran al-Fasi, and Sheikh Abdullah ibn Yasin, the preacher of the Almoravid, including a group settled in Mount Zaligh overlooking Fez.
16 Matnan: Its remains are located on the right side of Wadi Saflat, one of the tributaries of Wadi Yusr, not far from the village of Ain Bassam, south of the city of Al-Jazair. It is known by its original name until now.
17. Beni Mezkelda: Among them is a group currently settled between Fez and Ouazzane.
18. Mazghana: A famous tribe that was settled around the city of Al-Jazair, and to it is attributed (Jazair Bani Mazghana). Some of them are integrated into the Bani Suleiman Al-Sharaqa tribe on the right bank of Wadi Yusr, 30 km to the south-east of the village of Al-Arbaa.
19. Malwana: Arabization of the Amazigh word Emilouane. They were mentioned in the genealogy book with both names together with the bellies of the people of Tiaret from the Sanhaja qibla, including Belton with Sedrata Al-Jabal (Ait Sedrat) in the Ouarzazate province, Belton with the Haratin in Tazarine Ouarzazate, and Belton with Yamoura (Ait Yamour) in the Marrakesh estate. And with the sons of Dalim and Sufyan in the Rabat province, and among them is a group integrated into the Beni Messira tribe, and on their soil there is a group called Malwan pigeons.
20. Miliana: From the wombs of the Sinhajas of central Morocco, with its soil, Prince Belkin bin Ziri bin Menad founded the city known by it located on the eastern side of the Chlef Valley in central Morocco. Among them were Algerians integrated into the tribes of Morocco and Algeria.
21 Masoufa: Imsufin, they are one of the masked tribes in the desert. Their groups emerged to the north with the Almoravid, and some of them were integrated into the Ait and Allal tribe in the Ouarzazate province, and to them the Masoufa trail in Tlemcen is attributed.
22. Sanhaja: Some tribes continued to be called by this general name given to the collective origin to which all the above-mentioned tribes belong. Among this tribe is a tribe settled on the two valleys of the Grand Valley between Annaba and Skikda, and another settled near Wadi Yusr, south-eastern Algeria.
23 Sanhaja_Misbah: A settled tribe north of the Fez region. It is divided into two parts: Sanhaja of the Sun and Sanhaja of the Shadow.
24 Sanhaja_Ghadou: A settled tribe near Wadi al-Laban, north of Taza province.
25 Sanhaja_Al-Sarayer: A large tribe in the Al Hoceima Province of Al-Aqsa Morocco that includes seven clans, each of which has reached the rank of a tribe, namely: Beni Ahmed, Beni Bashir, Beni Bushaybet, Taghzout, Beni Khanous, Beni Zarqat, Katama (they are included in the tribe), Beni Sedrat.
26 Bani_Imran: From the famous regions of Sanhaja in central Morocco, there are five tribes among them: Bani Imran, who live on the coast and in the western border of Wadi Yidas, 18 km northwest of Bejaia (Douar Ibraris), and Bani Imran, who live near Wadi Yusr and the village of Arbaa, south of the city of Aljazayer. And the Beni Imrane, who live near Borj Manayel and Tizi Ouzou, east of the city of Al-Jazair, and the Beni Imrane Jabbala, and the Beni Imrane Falia, who all live near Marsa Jijel, in addition to many tribes integrated into other tribes in those regions.
27 Fashtal: It is originally pronounced Ifshtallan, and by both names they were mentioned in the book (The Genealogies in Marfat al-Ashab) and they are from the Hanjafa al-Sanhaji group. 12 clans are mentioned, including today a settled tribe in the north of the Fez region.
28 Settaqa: They are found in the north of the Fez province.
*29 * Bani Salib: There is a tribe among them in the Guelma district of central Morocco.
30. Hanjafa: (Anjafa) and the two words are Arabizations of the word Ainkfu. They were mentioned together in the book (Genealogies fi Ma’rifat al-Ashab) and they are a major tribe of the Sanhaja of the south (Sanhaja of the tribe and the shadow). Ibn Khaldun mentioned their tribes: Bani Mizuwart, Bani Sulayb, Fashtala, Malwana, and I mentioned They have other stomachs in the genealogy book.
*31 Bani Warith: The correct one is Warith. Their remains are found in the district of Bejaia and are known as Ayat Warith and Ali.
*32 The Trika: one of the masked tribes in the desert
*33. Wartanqa: It is also written as Watanqaq, and it is Wartaqan bin Mansour bin Masalah bin Al-Mansour bin Mazalat bin Amit bin Ritmal bin Talmit, and he is Lamtuna, one of the masked tribes in the desert, and among them was the leadership of Lamtuna.
34. Beni_Ryagl/ wryagl: There was a group among them who lived in the Bejaia Valley, and Al-Mahdi ibn Tumart stayed at Mbalala for 3 days upon his return from the East, and when the Aziz, the Emir of Bejaia, requested him, they prevented him and fought for him until he left them to the west, and among them was another group who currently lives near the Wargha Valley, north of the Fez region. They are not brown and regal.
*35 *Wanouga*: It is also said that there are people with stomachs who are integrated into the Bani Mukalla tribe near the village of Yusr, east of the city of Al-Jazair.
Sources
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1. Ibn Khaldun, Book of Lessons
2. Abdulaziz Tareh Sharaf, Geography of Libya
3. Moroccan tribesman Abdul Wahhab bin Mansour in 1968 AD