Uqba bin Nafie crimes in the balance of Islam
First: The crime of “imposing a tax on the sale of children on the people,” which is a heresy in Islam. It was first invented by the Umayyads, and it fell under the Emirate of Uqba bin Nafeh when they invaded North Africa. Have you heard in Islamic law a tribute or a tax that is paid as human beings from the oppressed free children? Of course not, Islam forbids this, as stated in Hadith Qudsi:
:"ثَلَاثَةٌ أَنَا خَصْمُهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ، وَمَنْ كُنْتُ خَصْمَهُ خَصَمْتُهُ ، ذكر منهم : رَجُلٌ بَاعَ حُرًّا فَأَكَلَ ثَمَنَهُ) رواه البخاري ( 2227)
The meaning of the hadeeth is: “There are three people whom I will contend with on the Day of Resurrection, and whomever I contend with, I will contend with them.” Narrated by al-Bukhari (2227)
Second: “The crime of treachery against covenants and peacemakers, and abuse and mutilation of their bodies.”
The crime of abuse and mutilation of the bodies of covenanters and peacemakers is fixed on an obstacle, so Ibn Abd al-Hakam says in his book “The Conquest of Egypt and Morocco” he introduced the obstacle “Waddan” and he opened it, and he took their possession and cut off his ear and said: “Why did you do this to me when you made a covenant with me?” Uqbah said: “I did this to you out of politeness. If I touched your ear, I would remind you of him, so why did you fight the Arabs?”
So Aqaba invaded and reached the palaces of (Kuwar), so he conquered them until he reached the farthest part of it, and in it was its property, so he took it and cut off his finger, so he said: “Why did you do this to me?” He said: "Because of your etiquette, if you look at your finger, you will not fight the Arabs." And he imposed three hundred and sixty slaves on them.
All of these actions are contrary to the rule of God Almighty and the biography of His Prophet, as he said upon him the purest prayer and peace:
:" اغْزُوا بِسْمِ اللهِ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ قَاتِلُوا مَنْ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ اغْزُوا وَلاَ تَغُلُّوا وَلاَ تَغْدِرُوا وَلاَ تُمَثِّلُوا وَلاَ تَقْتُلُوا وَلِيدًا
The meaning of the hadith:: “Invade in the name of God and for the sake of God, fight those who disbelieve in God. Invade, but do not extort, and do not treachery, and do not mutilate, and do not kill a newborn.
And it was reported that the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, was told: “Make an example of them, O Messenger of God” (meaning the slain infidels). And he, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “I do not mutilate them, for God would mutilate me even if I were a prophet.”
Third: “The crime of humiliating him with treaties.”
And the historian "Ibn Abd al-Hakam" explains here, where he says: Thus, from Wadan, he walked to "Garmah" in Libya, which is the great city of Fezzan, so he called them to Islam, and they responded. He was tired and tired, and he was soft, so he started spitting blood, so he said to him: “Why did you do this when I came to you voluntarily?” Uqba said: “If you mention him, you will not fight the Arabs.” He imposed three hundred and sixty slaves on them, who would be paid slaves
This is forbidden, forbidden by law, as God Almighty said:
: { وأوفوا بعهد الله إذا عاهدتم ولا تنقضوا الأيمان بعد توكيدها وقد جعلتم الله عليكم كفيلا إن الله يعلم ما تفعلون} النحل 91
The meaning of the verse: {And fulfill God’s covenant when you made a covenant, and do not break the oaths after confirming them, and you have made God your surety. God knows what you do} An-Nahl 91
God Almighty also says:
{ وَأَوْفُواْ بِالْعَهْدِ إِنَّ الْعَهْدَ كَانَ مَسْؤُولاً } الإسراء34
The meaning of the verse: :{And keep the covenant, for the covenant is responsible} Al-Isra 34
Fourth: The crime of "hatred and humiliation of people"
Ibn Khaldun says: Uqbah in his conquests of Morocco underestimated Kusayla and belittled him while he was in his detention and one day ordered him to skin a sheep in his hands, so he gave it to his servants and Uqbah wanted him to take care of it himself and rebuked him. Barbarian?” And he says: “This is good for poetry.” An old man among them says to them: “The barbarian threatens you.” This reached Aba_al-Muhajir_Dinar, may God have mercy on him, and he forbade him and said: “The Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, used to make friends with the Arab tyrants, and you intend to a mighty man among his people who is close to polytheism, and you corrupt it.” his heart.” He indicated to him that he should trust him and fear that he would kill him, so he neglected his saying.
And what Uqba did here is contrary to Islam, as the Almighty said:
وَلَوْ كُنْتَ فَظًّا غَلِيظَ الْقَلْبِ لَانْفَضُّوا مِنْ حَوْلِكَ فَاعْفُ عَنْهُمْ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ وَشَاوِرْهُمْ فِي الْأَمْرِ فَإِذَا عَزَمْتَ فَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ....سورة آل عمران159
And if you were thick, the heart would have been exhausted, so forgive them and forgive them and forgive them and give them to them in the matter of the matter, so if it is a matter
The Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, forbade assaulting a Muslim, whether morally or physically. He said:
” لا تحاسدوا ولا تناجشوا ولا تباغضوا ولا تدابرُوا ولا يبيع بعضُكم على بيعِ بعض وكُونُوا عباد الله اخوانًا ، المسلمُ أخو المسلم لا يظلمه ولا يخذله ولا يحقره ، التقوى ها هنا ويُشير إلى صدره ثلاث مرات ، بِحسْب امرئٍ من الشرِّ أن يحقر أخَاه المسلم ، كل المسلم على المسلم حرام : دمه وماله وعرضه ” . ( رواه مسلم )
The meaning of the hadiths: “Do not envy, do not quarrel with each other, do not hate each other, do not turn each other around, do not sell one another over the sale of one another, and be servants of God as brothers. All of a Muslim is sacred to a Muslim: his blood, his wealth, and his honour. ( narrated by Muslim )
Fifth: The crime of "invasion is treachery and treachery for the oppressed and the safe villages"
Historian Ibn Abd al-Hakam says in his book, then Uqba returned to the city of "Khawar", which he had failed to besiege previously without his path, which he was approaching from, and they did not feel him until he knocked them at night, and he found them reassured that they had paved their way in their flocks, so he violated what was in the city of their offspring and their money and killed his fighter
And what Uqba did here is despicable, mean, and baseness in their fullest meanings, so treachery of the oppressed, the peaceful civilians while they were sleeping is forbidden and forbidden by law, as the Almighty says:
لَا يَنْهَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوكُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِكُمْ أَنْ تَبَرُّوهُمْ وَتُقْسِطُوا إِلَيْهِمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ) الممتحنة -8-.
The meaning of the verse: God does not forbid you with regard to those who did not fight you because of religion and did not expel you from your homes, that you treat them kindly and justly. Indeed, Allah loves those who are just.) Al-Mumtahanah -8-.
the meaning:Likewise, God Almighty says: (And fight in the cause of God those who fight you, but do not transgress, for God does not love the transgressors) Al-Baqarah -190
(And do not transgress, for God does not love transgressors.)
و في هذا يقول الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم: «من قتل نفسًا معاهدًا لم يَرُح رائحة الجنة، وإن ريحها توجد من مسيرة أربعين عاما»
Meaning: In this regard, the Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, says: “He who kills a person who made a covenant will not smell the fragrance of Paradise, and its fragrance can be found from a distance of forty years.”
و في هذا يقول الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم: «من قتل نفسًا معاهدًا لم يَرُح رائحة الجنة، وإن ريحها توجد من مسيرة أربعين عاما»
Meaning: In this regard, the Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, says: “He who kills a person who made a covenant will not smell the fragrance of Paradise, and its fragrance can be found from a distance of forty years.”
وقال كذلك: " اغزوا في سبيل الله ، قاتلوا من كفر بالله ، اغزوا ولا تغلوا ، ولا تغدروا ، ولا تمثلوا ، ولا تقتلوا وليدا ، ولا أصحاب الصوامع " . رواه الإمام أحمد
Meaning: He also said: “Invade for the sake of God, fight those who disbelieve in God. Invade and do not exaggerate, do not treachery, do not mutilate, do not kill a newborn, nor the owners of hermitages.” Narrated by Imam Ahmed
وقال كذلك: " اغزوا في سبيل الله ، قاتلوا من كفر بالله ، اغزوا ولا تغلوا ، ولا تغدروا ، ولا تمثلوا ، ولا تقتلوا وليدا ، ولا أصحاب الصوامع " . رواه الإمام أحمد
Meaning: He also said: “Invade for the sake of God, fight those who disbelieve in God. Invade and do not exaggerate, do not treachery, do not mutilate, do not kill a newborn, nor the owners of hermitages.” Narrated by Imam Ahmed
و عن أبي عبدالله (ع) عن رسول الله (ص) قال: (إن أعق الناس على الله تعالى من قتل غير قاتله ومن ضرب من لم يضربه)
Meaning: And on the authority of Abu Abdullah (pbuh) on the authority of the Messenger of God (pbuh) who said: (The most disobedient to God Almighty is the one who kills someone other than his killer and the one who hits someone who did not hit him)
Sixth: “The crime of forcing people to convert to Islam under the penalty of captivity or death.”
Be sure of the historical references on the obstacle of compulsion in belief or captivity and killing, and this compulsion is reprehensible in the Book of God, the Most High said:
﴿لَا إِكْرَاهَ فِي الدِّينِ قَدْ تَبَيَّنَ الرُّشْدُ مِنَ الْغَيِّ فَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِالطَّاغُوتِ وَيُؤْمِنْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدِ اسْتَمْسَكَ بِالْعُرْوَةِ الْوُثْقَى لَا انْفِصَامَ لَهَا وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ(256﴾(سورة البقرة)
Meaning:﴿ No, I will be deceived in religion. righteousness has become clear from error So whoever disbelieves in the deities and believes in God has grasped the most trustworthy handhold.
There is no separation between them, and God is All-Hearing, All-Knowing (256). Al-Baqarah
﴿لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ هُدَاهُمْ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَمَا تُنْفِقُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَلِأَنْفُسِكُمْ وَمَا تُنْفِقُونَ إِلَّا ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ اللَّهِ وَمَا تُنْفِقُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ يُوَفَّ إِلَيْكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ لَا تُظْلَمُونَ (272﴾( سورة البقرة )
the meaning: It is not upon you to guide them, but God guides whom He wills. And whatever you spend for good, it is for yourselves. And you do not spend except to seek the face of God And whatever you spend of good will be repaid to you, and you will not be wronged (272). Al-Baqarah
﴿إِنَّكَ لَا تَهْدِي مَنْ أَحْبَبْتَ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِالْمُهْتَدِينَ (56﴾( سورة القصص)
Meaning:) You do not guide whom you love But God guides whom He wills And He is most knowing of those who are rightly guided (56)(Surah Al-Qasas
﴿ادْعُ إِلَى سَبِيلِ رَبِّكَ بِالْحِكْمَةِ وَالْمَوْعِظَةِ الْحَسَنَةِ وَجَادِلْهُمْ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَنْ ضَلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِهِ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِالْمُهْتَدِينَ(125
Meaning: Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and kindly preaching. argue with them in a way that is best Indeed, your Lord knows best who strays from His path, and He knows best those who are rightly guided (125).
Seventh: The crime of "captivity and enslavement of the free and the oppressed"
It was proven on Uqbah that he enslaved people and took civilian women captive, and this is forbidden in Islam (as we explained before)
See Al-Jami’ Li Ahkam Al-Qur’an (2/ 348-350), Dar Ihya Al-Turath Al-Arabi, Beirut. The book contains the following: On the authority of Al-Muhallab bin Abi Safra, he said: “Munazirs besieged us, so we were captured as captives, so they wrote to Umar that Munazir is one of the villages of Al-Sawad Return to them what you have afflicted
On the authority of Abd al-Rahman bin Aadh, he said: When the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, sent an expedition, he said: Get close to people and do not attack them until you call them and their children and kill their men.
It is not permissible for any of the Muslims to take or give anything from the spoils of the idolaters, little or much, a thread or a stitch.
Whoever takes land with its reward, he has resigned his emigration, and whoever takes an unbeliever's young from his neck and puts it on his neck, Islam has turned his back.
(D on the authority of Abu Darda’) (Narrated by Abu Dawud, Chapter on Entering the Land of Kharaj No. (3065)
See also the book: “Kanz al-Ammal fi Sunan al-Aqliwat wa’l-Afl” (Chapter on Ahkaam al-Jihad). Chapter on the different rulings.
To understand from the hadiths mentioned in it that unarmed civilians are not attacked at all
The Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, sent a detachment to al-Lat and al-Uzza, and they raided a neighborhood of the Arabs, insulting their fighters and their offspring. “Return them to their place of safety, then call them back.”
The Messenger, upon him the purest submission, did not transgress nor did he ever attack another people, and in all his conquests were either defensive or offensive in order to repel the assault or return stolen goods, as the Almighty said:
(فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ فَاعْتَدُوا عَلَيْهِ بِمِثْلِ مَا اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ...) البقرة
Meaning: (Whoever assaults you, assault him in the same way as he assaulted you...) Al-Baqara
God Almighty also said:
:(وقاتلوا في سبيل الله الذين يقاتلونكم ، ولا تعتدوا إن الله لا يحب المعتدين فمن اعتدي عليكم فاعتدوا عليه بمثل ما اعتدي عليكم ، واتقوا الله)
Meaning: (And fight in the cause of God those who fight you. Do not transgress, for God does not love transgressors Whoever assaults you, assault him in the same way as he assaulted you, and fear God
The Messenger said to Imam Ali and those before him to Muadh:
"لا تقاتل أعداءك إلا لو قاتلوك، فإن قاتلوك فلا تقاتلهم حتى يقتلوا منكم رجلًا، فإن قتلوا منكم رجلًا فلا تقاتلهم حتى تريهم القتيل، وتقول هل إلى خير من ذلك؟ فلأن يهدى الله بك رجلًا واحدًا خير مما طلعت عليه الشمس".
Meaning: “Do not fight your enemies unless they fight you. If they fight you, do not fight them You will fight them until they kill one of you. If they kill a man among you, do not fight them until you show them the slain. Is there anything better than that? For God to guide one man through you is better than what the sun has risen upon
Islam forbids the killing of the soul - any soul it may be:
( أنهُ من قتل نفسًا بغير نفس أو فساد في الأرض فكأنما قتل الناس جميعاً ومن أحياها فكأنما أحيا الناس جميعاً … ” ( سورة المائدة /32)
Meaning: that whoever kills a soul other than for murder or corruption in the land, it is as if he killed all people And whoever saves it, it is as if he saved all of mankind…”(Surah Al-Maida/32)
The foundation of the Islamic call is gentleness, wisdom, and good preaching, and not with the sword, killing, captivity, and looting, as God Almighty commanded their Prophet to do, and His command is an order for his nation. The Almighty said:
{ادْعُ إِلَى سَبِيلِ رَبِّكَ بِالْحِكْمَةِ وَالْمَوْعِظَةِ الْحَسَنَةِ وَجَادِلْهُمْ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَنْ ضَلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِهِ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِالْمُهْتَدِينَ} النحل(125)
Meaning: Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and kindly preaching. argue with them in a way that is best Indeed, your Lord knows best who strays from His path, and He knows best those who are rightly guided (125).
Source: websites