Scientists who changed human civilization in a unique memorial photo
This is a group photo taken in October 1927 at the Solvay Physics Conference in Brussels. It includes a large number of prominent scientists who changed the course of history and to whom humanity today owes this tremendous breakthrough in science and contemporary lifestyle.
Let us now review the names of the scientists appearing in the picture, and we begin with the first row from the left with the scientist (Langmuir Irving) bearing the number (1), an American chemist born in 1881, who won the Nobel Prize in 1932 in surface chemistry, He is credited with inventing the lamp with a tungsten ribbon filled with inert gas, and he was the first to use atomic hydrogen in welding. He has an atomic theory registered in his name in collaboration with the scientist Lewis. He invented a method for photographing viruses using a single layer of molecules, and his death occurred. 1957.
Next in the first row from the left is the scientist Max Planck, bearing the number (2). He is a German scientist, born in 1858. He is credited with establishing quantum theory, and he is considered one of the most famous scientists of the twentieth century. He died in 1947.
Next comes the Polish scientist (Madame Curie Marie Sklodovska), who bears the number (3). She was born in 1867 and is a physicist and chemist. She acquired French citizenship after her marriage to the scientist (Pierre Curie). She is considered one of the pioneers of radiation physics, and the first to win the Nobel Prize twice, once in physics and once in chemistry. She is the first woman to receive this award, and the first to receive it in two different fields, and she died in 1934.
Next comes the Dutch scientist Hendrek Antoon Lorentz, who bears the number (4). He was born in 1853. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1902 with Peter Zeeman, and he was the first to establish the conversion equations on which he relied. Einstein described space and time, and made many discoveries in the electromagnetic field. He died in 1928.
As for the fifth person in the sequence, who sits at the front and in the middle of everyone, he is the outstanding German physicist, creative musician, and brilliant mathematician, Albert Einstein, born in Germany in 1879, and he is the father of the theory of relativity. He received the award in 1921. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics, and he conducted extensive research in quantum mechanics and the equivalence of matter and energy. People knew him for his extreme intelligence, until the word “Einstein” became synonymous with genius. He died in America in 1955.
Sitting to his left is the physicist Pierre Langevin, who bears the number (6). He was born in France in 1872. He was one of the best scientists who studied sound waves, and is credited with inventing sonar devices. He died in France in 1946.
After him comes the Swiss physicist Charles Eugene Guye, who bears the number (7). He was born in 1866. Albert Einstein was one of those who studied under him. He specialized in atomic physics, and he wrote more than 200 research papers in which he became famous. Among the people after he proved experimentally that there is no chance in the creation of nature, and that God alone is the Creator, Creator and Mastermind, his death occurred in 1942.
After him comes the Scottish scientist (Charles Thomas Rees Wilson C.T.R. Wilson), who bears the number (8). He was born in 1869 and won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1927 for his invention of the cloud chamber. He died in 1959.
As for the person sitting at the end of the picture and bearing the number (9), he is the brilliant English physicist Owen W. Richardson. He was born in 1879 and died in 1959. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1928 for his success in formulating the law of emission. Thermal.
Then we get to know those sitting in the second row, and we start from the left in sequence No. (10), which is the scientist (Peter Debye), born in the Netherlands in 1884, and who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1936, and his death was in the United States. America in 1966.
Then comes the great Danish scientist Martin Knodson, who bears the number (11). He was born in 1871, and he is credited with formulating the so-called Knudson number, symbolized by (Kn), which is a non-dimensional number (a dimensional number). ) is defined as representing the ratio of the free mean field of molecules to a certain physical length in fluid media. He died in 1949.
Sitting next to him is the Australian scientist W. Lawrence Bragg, who bears the number 12. He was born in 1890 and won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1915 jointly with William Henry Bragg. He died in 1971. .
Next comes the Dutch physicist Hans Kramers, who bears the number (13). He was born in 1894 and died in 1952.
Sitting next to him is the young English scientist Paul Direc, who bears the number 14, just behind Einstein. He is the youngest participant. He was born in 1902. He was 25 years old when he participated in the conference. He won the Nobel Prize in 1933. In collaboration with the scientist Erwin Schrödinger, he developed new formulations of quantum theory, and he died in Florida in 1984.
Next is the American physicist Arthur Compton, who bears the number (15). He was born in 1892. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1927 for his discovery of the Compton effect. He died in 1962.
Followed by the great French scientist (Prince Louise de Broglie), who bears the number (16). He was born in 1892. He specialized in physics and excelled in it. He was close to Einstein. In 1929, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics, and took over. He served as Secretary of the French Academy of Sciences, contributed to the development of quantum theory, and invented the electron microscope. He died in 1987.
Next comes the German scientist Max Born, number 17. He was born in 1882 and won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1954 for quantum mechanics. He died in 1970.
Then comes Einstein's rival, the scientist Niels Bohr, who bears the number (18), and he was one of those who advocated accepting the probabilistic nature in interpreting quantum theory. He died in 1962.
As for those standing in the third row, they are from the left: Swiss physicist Auguste Piccard, number 19, born in 1884. He was the first to discover the stratosphere in the atmosphere, and designed the first submarine to probe deep depths. In the seas and oceans, this great scientist died in 1962, leaving behind everything useful to humanity, including his various inventions, such as balloons and submarines, and the physical equations that illuminated the way for future generations.
As for the scientist bearing the number (20), he is the French chemist Emile Henriot. He was born in 1885. He was a student of Madame Curie. He is credited with developing the electron microscope. He died in 1961.
Then stands next to him is the Austrian scientist Paul Ehrenfest, who bears the number (21). He was born in 1880 and died in 1933, but despite his young age, he was one of the most famous physicists of his time.
Standing next to him is the Belgian scientist (Edouard Herzen), who bears the number (22). He was born in 1877. He specialized in physical chemistry. He is the grandson of the Russian writer (Alexander Herzen). He held the most prestigious scientific positions in 1921, and He died in 1933.
Standing next to him is the Belgian mathematician Theophile de Donder, who bears the number 23. He was born in 1872. He derived some mathematical formulas for chemical reactions in 1923, and died in 1957.
Standing next to him is the Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger, who bears the number (24). He was born in 1887 and died in 1961. He is known for his contributions to quantum mechanics, especially the Schrödinger equation, for which he won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1933, he was famous for developing mathematical formulas to describe the behavior of electrons in the structure of the atom.
Standing next to him is the Belgian scientist Jules Emile Vershafelt, number 25. He was born in 1870 and died in 1955. He was one of the most famous physicists of his time.
Then comes after him the Austrian scientist Wolfgang Pauli, who bears the number (26). He was born in 1900 and died in 1958, but he was one of the most famous physicists. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1945, and made an effective contribution to Development of quantum theory.
Standing next to him is the German scientist Werner Heisenberg, who bears the number (27). He was born in 1901 and died in 1976. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1932, and discovered the most important principles of modern physics, which is the principle of uncertainty. Or uncertainty, which he announced in 1927. His laboratory interests focused on studying the behavior of gamma rays.
Standing next to him is the British scientist Ralph Howard Fowler, number 28. He was born in 1889 and died in 1944. He was brilliant in physics and astronomy.
At the last end of the third row stands the great French scientist Leon Nicolas Brillouin, who has the number 29. He was born in 1889 and died in 1969. He came from a family that passed down the science of physics from generation to generation, and he was one of the most famous physicists. In the middle of the last century. .
Source: Masterpieces of World Literature page
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